Category: Adoption Advice

Lucas Ottone / Stocksy
Almost every single rescue group and every shelter charges an adoption fee. These fees help cover everything from medical costs to transportation to essential needs such as food. All these costs add up, and adoption fees help cover them and enable shelters and rescue organizations to continue their work.

Why do animal shelters and rescue organizations charge an adoption fee?

Rescuing pets is expensive work. First, there are medical costs: The rescuer often pays to have the pets spayed or neutered (if they aren’t already) and vaccinated. Many also pay for all medical care the pets in their rescue may need.

Some rescue organizations have to pay to transport pets from one part of the country to another — generally from crowded, high-kill shelters to another area where a pet has a better chance of finding a home.

Shelters with facilities need to pay their staff, who care for the animals, clean up after them, and take care of the shelter’s operations. Some rescue organizations don’t have facilities and run out of foster homes, so they often have to pay to board the pets while trying to place them in foster or forever homes.

How much is the typical adoption fee?

The typical adoption cost is typically between $50 to $350, but this amount varies depending on a number of factors, such as the shelter or rescue organization’s location, size, and the dog’s age. Puppies and kittens generally have the highest fees, while seniors and adult pets with health conditions tend to have the lowest fees.

Can I negotiate or waive the adoption fee?

Many shelters and rescue organizations offer discounted fees, or may even waive fees, for certain pets (including older pets or those who have been at the shelter for extended periods of time) or during certain times of the year (such as summer, when shelters are most likely to be overcrowded). For example, many shelters waive adoption fees in August in honor of Clear the Shelters while others reduce fees in October for Adopt a Shelter Dog Month. Those who cannot afford adoption fees otherwise can monitor their local shelter or rescue organizations for these promotions and wait to adopt a pet until then.

Are adoption fees necessary for animal shelters to operate?

Adoption fees help animal shelters operate, but most are not solely reliant on adoption fees to operate. Some animal welfare organizations, including Best Friends Animal Society, advocate for reduced-fee and no-fee adoptions because they believe lower fees help more animals find homes more quickly (especially hard-to-place pets such as seniors and pets with special needs), which in turn allows shelters and rescue organizations to increase their save rates.

What benefits do I receive with the adoption fee?

The main benefits of adoption fees for pets are that your adopted pet will likely be vaccinated and spayed or neutered upon adoption, as the fee helps ensure the shelter or adoption organization can provide those services.

Additionally, while you generally cannot claim the adoption fee as a tax deduction, any additional donations you may choose to make to the shelter or organization are tax deductible.

Can I get a pet for free from a shelter or rescue?

Pets may be available for adoption without a fee during promotions when shelters or rescue organizations waive fees. Be wary of free pets for adoption from anywhere other than a shelter or legitimate rescue organization.

FAQs (People Also Ask):

Why do animal shelters and rescue organizations charge an adoption fee?

Adoption fees help shelters and rescue organizations cover the costs of caring for the pets in their care and enable them to continue their work.

How much is the typical adoption fee?

The typical adoption fee is typically between $50 to $350.

Are adoption fees necessary for animal shelters to operate?

Adoption fees help animal shelters operate, but most are not solely reliant on adoption fees to operate.

Can I negotiate or waive the adoption fee?

Many shelters and rescue organizations offer discounted fees, or may even waive fees, for certain pets or during certain times of the year.

Can I get a pet for free from a shelter or rescue?

You may be able to adopt a pet for free during promotions through which shelters or rescue organizations are waiving fees.

What benefits do I receive with the adoption fee?

The main benefit of an adoption fee is that it means your adopted pet will likely be vaccinated and spayed or neutered and otherwise cared for.

Why is adopting from a shelter better than getting a pet from a breeder or pet store?

Adopting from a shelter saves lives — not only the life of the pet you adopt but by creating space for the shelter to continue saving pets in need.

Can I claim the adoption fee as a tax deduction?

Adoption fees generally aren’t tax deductible, but any additional donations you make to the shelter or organization are.

Do all pets in shelters have adoption fees?

Most pets in shelters have adoption fees, but these fees are sometimes waived depending on the pet or if the shelter is running a broader promotion.

What if I can’t afford the adoption fee?

If you can’t afford an adoption fee, ask your local shelter or rescue organization if they’re waiving fees on certain pets or during specific times of the year.

References

Adoption Fees and Applications

Guide to Pet Adoption

Adopting a Pet

Adoption Procedures and Fees

Costs to Consider When Adopting a Pet

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Julie Zeilinger is a NYC-based writer and editor whose writing has been published in Marie Claire, Vox, HuffPost, Forbes, and other publications. She is also the author of two books: College 101: A Girl’s Guide to Freshman Year (2014) and A Little F’d Up: Why Feminism Is Not a Dirty Word (2012). She is the mom to Baloo, a two-year-old Bichpoo and foster mom to dogs via Badass Animal Rescue.

Mak / Stocksy
What do you do when you know you have allergies to some or most pets but still want to adopt one? You’re not alone: According to the Cleveland Clinic, as many as 30 percent of Americans are allergic to cats and dogs — and many of those people would undoubtedly love to be pet parents.

The good news is it’s still possible for those with pet allergies to welcome pets into their families, though that depends on the severity and nature of the pet allergy. Some people find that they are allergic (or more or less allergic) to some pets and not others. Other people can be more or less allergic to pets within the same breed.

So, how do you pick a pet if you have allergies? Read on to learn more.

What is a pet allergy?

Like any other allergy, a pet allergy is caused by your immune system incorrectly identifying an allergen as a threat and fighting against it.

While many people believe pet fur is to blame for causing allergic reactions, pet fur is actually not much of an allergen on its own. In dogs, the skin cells (called dander), dust, and pollen that collect in the fur trigger most allergic reactions. The most common dog allergen is Can f1, and it affects nearly 50 percent of people suffering from dog allergies. Some people are allergic to dander, while others are allergic to dogs’ saliva or even their urine.

There are 10 cat allergens, but about 90 percent of all cat allergies are caused by a protein called “Fel d 1,” which is produced by cats’ salivary and sweat glands. When cats groom themselves with their tongues, they leave this allergen on their fur and can spread it in their environments.

What are the symptoms of pet allergy?

Pet allergy symptoms vary from person to person and can include:

• Sneezing
• Watery, red, or itchy eyes
• Runny or stuffy nose
• Coughing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath
• Skin rash or hives

How can I test for pet allergies before bringing a pet home?

People who suspect they have a pet allergy can meet with an allergist, who will most likely diagnose that allergy through a skin-prick test. This test places a small amount of pet allergen on your skin, which is then pricked with a small probe that allows the liquid allergen to seep under the skin’s surface. The allergist will then monitor you for signs of swelling, redness, or other reaction signs. Other forms of allergy tests available include intradermal skin testing, challenge testing (via inhalation or ingestion), and blood testing. At-home pet allergy blood tests are available, but the results are not as thorough as those from an allergist and can sometimes be inaccurate.

If you’d like to investigate on your own whether or not you have a pet allergy by interacting with a live animal, follow these precautions:

Go slow with your testing.

Start with limited contact, such as touching the pet with one hand, then wait to gauge your reaction. Some allergic reactions are immediate, while others may take some time. You may want to rub a pet at a shelter or rescue with a paper towel (with staff permission and help) and take the towel home with you to try extended, repeated exposure.

Have preventative medications nearby.

If you are going to test for dog or cat allergies at home on your own, you should have preventative medications on-hand, such as fast-acting antihistamines and/or inhalers.

What should I consider when choosing a pet based on my allergies?

There are a few things that people with pet allergies can do when looking for pets best for people with allergies:

• Meet a female or a male that has been neutered for at least two months. Sebaceous glands in the skin produce the protein allergens. Male mammals have greater amounts of secretion and are often more allergenic than females or neutered males.
• Consider small pets. You may find a smaller pet easier for your system to tolerate, given their smaller volume of allergens.
• Meet different pets. If one Poodle or Persian sets off your allergies, that doesn’t mean another Poodle or Persian will necessarily do the same.
• Time desensitization. Just like allergy shots, some people find that living with a pet can reduce their allergic reaction to that pet. Check with your local shelter or rescue to see if they offer a “foster-to-adopt” program to take in a pet without committing to adopting them, and see if your allergies subside over time.

What are hypoallergenic pets, and how do they differ from other pets?

Some pet breeds are considered “hypoallergenic,” but there is no such thing as 100 percent hypoallergenic pets. Hypoallergenic dogs produce less dander, and dog breeds considered hypoallergenic generally have hair instead of fur, which can help reduce shedding and dander. Hypoallergenic cats produce lower amounts of the Fel d 1 protein, which makes them less likely to trigger allergic reactions in humans.

It’s also important to note that just because a certain breed is considered hypoallergenic doesn’t mean that every pet of that breed will be allergy-friendly. People with allergies should always spend time with a pet before bringing them into their home to see if they have a reaction to them.

Hypoallergenic breeds

Some individual pets or entire breeds may cause less of a reaction in some people either because they shed less or because they produce less allergy-inducing proteins. Check out our hypoallergenic pet guides:

• Hypoallergenic cat breeds
• Hypoallergenic dog breeds

Are there specific pet products designed to reduce allergens?

There are a number of products created to reduce pet allergies, including:

• Dander removers
• Vacuums for pet hair and dander
• Air purifiers

What are some general tips for managing pet allergies at home?

Some tips for controlling pet allergies at home include:

• Create a “no allergy” area in your home: Limiting your exposure to allergens in at least one place in your house — such as your bedroom, where you spend many hours every day — can help ease your allergy symptoms.
• Use air purifiers: High-efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) cleaners can help keep the air as clean as possible.
• Do laundry frequently: Wash items that are particularly exposed to dander, such as pillowcases and bedding, regularly.
• Bathe your pet regularly: Bathing reduces the level of allergy-causing dander on your pet, but you shouldn’t bathe them more than once a week to prevent drying out their skin.
• Take medication: You can try over-the-counter medications, such as antihistamines or corticosteroids.
• Replace carpeting with hardwood, stone or tile. Carpeted floors act like big sponges that hold all of dust and allergens.

FAQs (People Also Ask):

Can I have a pet if I suffer from allergies?

Many people with pet allergies are able to have hypoallergenic pets or other individual pets who do not trigger their allergies.

What are hypoallergenic pets, and how do they differ from other pets?

Pets are considered “hypoallergenic” when they produce lower amounts of allergens, such as dander, than other pets, but no pet is 100 percent hypoallergenic.

How can I test for pet allergies before bringing a pet home?

People who suspect they have a pet allergy can see an allergist, who will most likely diagnose that allergy through a skin-prick test.

What are some general tips for managing pet allergies at home?

You can manage pet allergies at home by creating a “no allergy” area in your home, using air purifiers, cleaning your home, bathing your pet, and taking medication.

Are there specific pet products designed to reduce allergens?

There are a number of products created to reduce pet allergies, including dander removers, vacuums for pet hair and dander, and air purifiers.

Can I build immunity to pet allergies over time?

It’s possible to build up a tolerance to specific allergens over time, and some allergies may even go away on their own over time.

What should I consider when choosing a pet based on my allergies?

You can consider a few factors, including a pet’s gender, size, whether or not they have been neutered, meet different pets, and consider fostering before adopting.

Is it necessary to consult a doctor before getting a pet if I have allergies?

It’s a good idea to consult a doctor before getting a pet if you have allergies.

What are the symptoms of pet allergy?

Pet allergy symptoms vary but can include sneezing; watery or itchy eyes; runny or stuffy nose; coughing, chest tightness, or shortness of breath; and skin rash or hives.

References:

Are You Allergic to Your Dog?

The Truth about Pet Allergies

Managing Allergies and Pets

Pet-keeping in early life reduces the risk of allergy in a dose-dependent fashion

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Julie Zeilinger is a NYC-based writer and editor whose writing has been published in Marie Claire, Vox, HuffPost, Forbes, and other publications. She is also the author of two books: College 101: A Girl’s Guide to Freshman Year (2014) and A Little F’d Up: Why Feminism Is Not a Dirty Word (2012). She is the mom to Baloo, a two-year-old Bichpoo and foster mom to dogs via Badass Animal Rescue.

By Savannah Admire

Ana Luz Crespi / Stocksy
Adopting a dog is a significant financial investment, not only in one-time upfront costs but also over the course of your pup’s life. Of course, most pet parents would say that every penny is worth it — and it’s easy to forgive and forget those costs when looking into your dog’s loving eyes. Still, it’s important to learn all about the cost of having a dog to help you decide whether you’re ready for the commitment.

How much does it cost to adopt a dog?

The costs of having a dog start right away, including the cost of getting a dog. Breeders charge a significant amount of money, often between $1,000 and $5,000, for a purebred puppy. Adoption fees for dogs vary depending on the shelter or rescue but cost much less, usually around several hundred dollars, and allow you to provide a home to an animal in need and make room for the shelter to help more animals.

After adoption, multiple costs arise during the first year of dog parenthood, including initial veterinarian visits, spaying or neutering, microchipping and licensing, and, of course, buying all the supplies your dog will need. Based on the following cost breakdowns, your first year may cost anywhere from $420 to $3,270. We suggest setting a budget at a minimum of $2,000 for your first year as a dog parent.

One-time dog adoption costs

It’s important to understand all the responsibilities and costs of adopting a dog, so here’s a breakdown of the price ranges for each one-time adoption item below.

• Adoption fee – $100 to $800
• Vaccinations – $350 to $450 for initial exam and vaccinations, $115 to $230 annually
• Spay/neuter surgery – $200 to $700
• Licensing – $20 to $100 (may include microchip)
• Microchip – $30 to $100, $50 on average
• Training – $30 to $1,250
• Initial supplies – $100 to $2,000:
  • Collar, harness, leash, and ID tags – $20 to $110
  • Bed – $20 to $150
  • Bowls for food and water – $12 to $80
  • Crate (optional) – $100 to $200
  • Toys – $100 to $300
  • Grooming supplies (brushes, shampoo, nail clippers) – $10 to $70
  • Food and treats – $200 to $900

When it comes to initial vaccinations, as well as spay and neuter surgery, you can look for low-cost programs and clinics in your area. Some rescues also cover the cost of spaying or neutering and even up-to-date vaccines as part of their adoption fee, eliminating the cost of getting a dog spayed from your budget.

What are the typical costs for basic supplies?

Pet spending has only increased in the last few years, with pet parents spending over $130 billion in 2022. That’s because one of the responsibilities of having a dog is purchasing a lot of supplies to keep them safe, healthy, and entertained in their new home.

Depending on how big you want to go with toys, treats, and essentials, expect to spend several hundred dollars outfitting your home for your new family member. For a small dog, figure on $100 for initial supplies; for a medium dog, $200; and for a giant breed dog, $300 and up.

Supplies vary in cost depending on the brand, material, and quality, so do your research and choose the best options for your new pet and your budget.

Other basic pet supplies you might not think about include:

• Booties
• Jackets and sweaters (depending on your climate and your dog’s coat type)
• Dog poop bags
• Camera monitor
• Orthopedic bed
• Ramp or stairs (depending on the size and age of your dog)
• Potty pads
• Stain and odor remover

How much does having a dog cost annually?

Once you’ve bought all the supplies and taken your dog for their first vaccinations at the vet, there are still ongoing costs that add up over the course of a year. Vet care, food, and services like boarding, grooming, and dog walking are generally the three largest expenses when it comes to dog parenthood.

Dogs also require annual visits to the vet for check-ups and any required vaccinations, as well as flea and heartworm prevention to keep them healthy. While pet insurance is optional, it’s a great way to prepare for unexpected medical expenses.

Long-haired dogs also require regular grooming, and even short-haired dogs need the occasional bath and nail trim. Of course, all dogs need high-quality food designed to meet their nutritional needs, which is a major expense of dog parenthood.

The average cost of a dog per year can be anywhere from $1,270 to $2,803, so it’s a good idea to have a healthy budget for your dog’s needs. And keeping up with their training is important too, so expect to spend about $250 per year if you sign up for basic training classes. We suggest budgeting a minimum of $2,500 annually, including the following items:

• Dog food – $120 to $900
• Toys and treats – $30 to $200
• Medical expenses – $750 to $1,750
• Pet insurance – $280 to $1,030
• Additional supplies – $30 to $250
• Training – $30 to $250

Does the annual cost of having a dog vary with age?

Puppies are more expensive because they typically need a series of vet visits for vaccinations, routine check-ups, more toys, larger collars as they grow, and training. They also tend to be the ones that chew up your couch cushions.

Senior dogs, however, may have more health issues, which could increase your annual costs, especially if you need to invest in multiple medications, special foods, and ramps or other mobility aids. Older dogs are more prone to diseases like heart, kidney, and liver diseases, arthritis, and cancer, so the cost per year for medications and veterinary treatment goes up. The exact age at which a dog is considered “senior” depends a lot on the size of the breed, as larger breeds (and purebreds) typically develop health problems much sooner than smaller and mixed-breed dogs.

Are there any unexpected or emergency expenses I should be prepared for?

While you can budget for your dog’s anticipated monthly needs, there will always be expenses you can’t plan for, such as illness and injury. Emergency veterinary care can set you back several thousand dollars in a single visit, and chronic illnesses can balloon your budget. Here are a few unexpected expenses to consider:

• Emergency vet care
• Long-term illness
• Extensive behavior training
• Boarding or pet sitting if you travel
• Destruction of valuable items (shoes, furniture, landscaping)

If you live in a rental, you should also factor in the cost of a pet deposit, usually around $200 to $500, in your overall cost of raising a dog.

How to build a dog emergency fund

Creating an emergency fund for your dog’s needs can help you avoid financial stress when an unexpected expense comes up. Set aside a little money each month for your pet, factoring this amount into your monthly budget. You can choose a specific amount to save or just budget the average cost of having a dog per month. You can even create a separate savings account to easily draw on this money should you have to rush your dog to the emergency vet or invest in more extensive training classes.

Why is pet insurance important?

Investing in pet insurance can help you prepare for unexpected expenses and keep your budget from taking a hit if your dog becomes injured or ill. While you can budget for standard pet parent costs, like food, annual vet care, and flea and tick preventative, there’s really no way to budget for accidents or serious health conditions, which can happen at any time. Fortunately, the younger your dog is when you purchase pet insurance, the more affordable and better the coverage. Just make sure to do your research and get several quotes because the cost of monthly premiums can vary widely.

Is there a significant difference in expenses between having a dog and a cat?

While cats are lower-maintenance than dogs and tend to be less expensive because of their smaller size, cats do have a longer lifespan —about 15 years on average, and many live to 20 — which means that you’re looking at a longer-term commitment when comparing the cost of a cat compared to a dog.

Just like with a dog, the initial expenses of adopting a cat, including adoption fees, vaccinations, and supplies, are significant, usually around $350 to $950. However, the cost of having a dog still tends to be higher, with the average dog parent spending $3,350 annually in 2021, compared to $2,377 for cat parents. It’s important to understand the financial commitment involved in adopting a pet and to ask yourself, “Can I afford a dog?” before taking that big step.

FAQs (People Also Ask):

How much does it cost to have a dog per month?

The average monthly cost of taking care of a dog ranges from $40 to $290.

How much does having a dog cost annually?

Most pet parents spend around $1,000 a year on their dog, but the total varies depending on the dog’s size, age, health, and the pet parent’s purchasing choices.

What are the three biggest expenses of having a dog?

The three biggest expenses of dog parenthood are medical care, food, and services like grooming and boarding.

What are the typical costs for basic supplies?

The basic supplies you need for a dog will usually run around $500 to $1,000.

Are there recurring expenses such as food, grooming, and veterinary check-ups?

All dogs need regular nutritious meals and annual veterinary check-ups. Long-haired dogs need regular grooming, and short-haired dogs need regular baths and nail trims.

Are there additional costs to consider, such as pet insurance or pet-sitting services?

Pet insurance can help you cover unexpected medical expenses, like illness or injury. You may also want to invest in pet-sitting services if you travel regularly.

Are there any unexpected or emergency expenses I should be prepared for?

Prepare for emergency vet care for illness or injury, as it can be a major expense, as well as boarding and grooming.

Does the annual cost of having a dog vary with age?

While puppies can be very costly initially, older dogs also have higher costs because of more frequent vet visits and medications.

References

Marketwatch: Cost of Owning a Dog

ASPCA: Dog Ownership Cost

How Much it Costs to Own a Pet

Real Cost of Owning a Dog or Cat

Pet Spending Dogs Cats Survey

How Much Does Your Pet Cost You Per Year

Citizens Bank: Cost of Owning Dog or Cat

Press: Industry Trends

Lifetime Care Study: Lookbook

Which Pet Costs You More

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Savannah Admire is a writer, editor, and pet parent to two dogs and a cat. When she’s not writing, you can find her reading, playing Animal Crossing, or being an obnoxious nerd about her favorite movies and TV shows. She lives in Maryland, where she constantly debates whether or not to get a third dog.

Tips on how to determine a dog’s age — it’s part science and part artful guesswork.

By Karen B. London, PhD

Thirdman / Pexels
If you’re considering adopting a rescue dog, you’ll likely know little about their history. But as any eager pet parent, you probably can’t help but wonder about their past — whether it be their breed ancestry or their age. Finding out the age of puppies is easy, but with older dogs, is it possible to determine how old they are?

Although the question may seem straightforward, providing a dependable answer is actually quite complicated. There are a number of clues that can be used to estimate a dog’s age, but the accuracy of the guess may be anywhere from close to the truth to wildly off. Why? Like people, each dog visibly ages at a different rate, and a dog’s size, breed makeup, and past health and activity level affect how they age. Here are a few techniques you can use to estimate your dog’s age.

Six ways to tell a dog’s age

1. Teeth

One of the most prominent ways to tell a dog’s age is through teeth. Puppies have baby teeth that fall out and are replaced in a fairly predictable, age-dependent pattern, so very young dogs can typically be aged accurately by examining their teeth. Most dogs will have all of their adult teeth by the time they are about six months old, and once that happens, the teeth offer less exact information about age.

Generally, the condition of the teeth will change with age: they have more tartar, wear and tear, a flattened appearance, and gum disease. Dogs have a complete adult set of teeth between six months old and one year that appear clean and bright white. By fifteen months, the lower incisors begin to show some signs of wear. As dogs age, typically between eighteen months and three years, the cusps on their lower incisors and lower premolars will wear down, while the cusps on their upper incisors may show some signs of wear. Their teeth wear down and flatten over time, and by age four, they may have tartar buildup and yellowing.

However, factors such as diet, chewing habits, and genetics all have such a large influence that it is not unusual to see a young dog with teeth in poor condition or an old dog with relatively healthy teeth.

2. Eyes

Another way to tell a dog’s age is lens clarity. Middle-aged and senior dogs often have a haze on the lenses of their eyes, making the eyes look a little blue or cloudy. This haziness is called lenticular sclerosis and does not change the transparency of the eye to light and doesn’t affect vision like cataracts do. With lenticular sclerosis, dogs do not go blind; they just have difficulty detecting small details.

Lenticular sclerosis is a normal change in dogs’ eyes as they age and usually occurs in both eyes. About half of all dogs will show this condition by the age of nine, and within a few more years, it’s present in almost every dog.

3. Body condition

Puppies under a year old have round bodies and loose skin. Their skin is so big for them that it often seems like a second puppy could fit in there with them. Puppies have all this extra skin so they have room to grow as they age.

On the other end of the spectrum, a dog’s weight distribution changes with age. Older dogs will often have fat pads in their lower back area and a prominent spine. Loss of muscle occurs as dogs get older, too.

4. Body movement

Puppies and young dogs will often trip over their paws as though they were just placed in this new body and are trying to figure out how to operate it. Sometimes puppies seem a bit confused about the proper order of leg movement, and it doesn’t always look like they have it right.

Puppies typically have a sort of bounce in their step when they walk or run. With older dogs, you’ll see a swayback indicating that a dog is more of a senior citizen than a spring chicken.

5. Graying fur

Graying around the muzzle and eyes certainly makes dogs look older, but this isn’t a clear sign of age. Many dogs start getting that distinguished silvery look when they are only a few years old, while some senior dogs still have their original color.

Studies have shown that many young dogs experience premature graying due to anxiety and fear — basically, they get grays when stressed, just like we do.

6. Overall appearance

If you’ve adopted an adult dog, an age estimate may not be super accurate, but as time goes on, you might be able to improve your guess. If you’ve had an adult dog for several years and any changes in general appearance are minimal, your dog was probably pretty young when adopted, perhaps two, three, or four years old at the time.

• Medium and large dogs from age two to eight can be remarkably similar in appearance, so it’s only as they age out of that range that it’s easier to determine when they were born.
• Smaller dogs who have not changed in several years have a wider starting age range — perhaps from one to five years at adoption.

Your vet’s age assessment

You can ask your vet to help you figure out how old your dog is. Your vet will utilize many of the methods above to help make a determination.

Besides your dog’s physical appearance, one major clue about age is how long you (or the rescue) have had the dog, so your veterinarian will probably ask you that just to determine a starting point. (If the dog was at the shelter for three years, the dog can’t be only two years old!)

The task of determining a dog’s age can be quite challenging for a veterinarian, as it often requires a significant amount of guesswork. As a result, it is not uncommon for them to provide an unsatisfying age range rather than a specific age. Bummer.

FAQs (People Also Ask):

How can I find out how old my dog is?

The rescue you adopted your dog from will have the best clues on how old your dog is. A veterinarian can also help you determine the age of your dog by looking at their teeth, eyes, and overall appearance.

How can you tell a dog’s age?

You can tell a dog’s age by looking at their teeth, eye clarity, body condition, movement, and overall appearance. Their breed, health, size, and activity level will also play a role in how they age.

Can a vet tell how old a dog is?

Yes, a veterinarian can give a general estimate of how old a dog is. But because a variety of factors impact how dogs age, they likely cannot provide a wholly accurate estimate.

How do you tell the age of a female dog?

You can tell the age of a female dog by looking at the same overall physical appearance as any other dog: their teeth, body condition, and eye clarity.

How do you tell the age of a male dog?

Much like female dogs, you can tell the age of a male dog by making an assessment of a dog’s body condition: how their teeth look, their eye clarity, their spinal curvature, and fatty deposits.

How do you tell how old a rescue puppy is?

Your vet can determine the age of your puppy by reviewing their teeth. Puppies predictably lose their teeth starting around 12 weeks old and typically will have their full set of adult teeth by six months old.

How do you tell a dog’s age by teeth?

A puppy’s adult teeth typically arrive quickly and orderly, helping to give insight into their age. Puppies gain their permanent incisors between two and five months, their canines around five months, their premolars between four and six months, and their molars by seven months.

How do you tell how old a stray dog is?

It’s best to take stray dogs to a local veterinarian or animal shelter where they can check for a microchip and, if needed, determine the dog’s age.

References

Lenticular Sclerosis in Dogs

Eye Health and Canine Cataracts

Dog Spine Issues

Lumbosacral Disease in Dogs

Anxiety and Impulsivity: Factors Associated with Premature Graying in Young Dogs

Age Determination in Dogs

Inflammatory Pattern of the Infrapatellar Fat Pad in Dogs with Canine Cruciate Ligament Disease

 

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Karen B. London, Ph.D., is a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist and Certified Professional Dog Trainer who specializes in working with dogs with serious behavioral issues, including aggression, and has also trained other animals including cats, birds, snakes, and insects. She writes the animal column for the Arizona Daily Sun and is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Northern Arizona University. She is the author of six books about training and behavior, including her most recent, Treat Everyone Like a Dog: How a Dog Trainer’s World View Can Improve Your Life.

By Alicia Kort

Luis Velasco / Stocksy
America can’t get enough of these 10 most popular dog breeds. According to data from the American Kennel Club’s registration numbers and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)’s survey statistics, in 2022, the most popular dogs in America were actually mixed-breed dogs. In terms of purebred dogs, the French Bulldog was crowned the most popular dog for the first time ever — dethroning the Labrador Retriever, who had held the title for a whopping 31 years. Below, you’ll find more information on each breed, including some predictable winners and a few surprises.

America’s most popular pup

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The Mixed-Breed Dog

You might be surprised to learn that mixed dogs are the most popular breed in America — 51.3 percent of U.S. family dogs are mixed. Mixed-breed pups are often shelter dogs, and their personalities can vary widely. After their initial adjustment period after adoption, and as they start to relax in their new homes, these pups’ personalities start to emerge. Mixed-breed dogs usually don’t have the health issues purebred dogs can have and are generally more affordable in terms of an initial fee.

Top 10 most popular purebred dogs

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1. French Bulldog

French Bulldogs have some of the most avid fans out of all dog breeds. Many people are obsessed with this small, smushed-face dog. The French Bulldog boasts bat-like ears, a wrinkled face, alert and intelligent eyes, and a little stubby tail. These affectionate and family-oriented pups can weigh up to 28 pounds and stand as tall as 13 inches at shoulder height. French Bulldogs make great pets for city dwellers because they don’t require much exercise, though they still need daily walks and time for play. They are flat-faced, so they can struggle to breathe during vigorous exercise, which should be avoided. French Bulldogs only require a weekly brushing, and pet parents shouldn’t forget to clean their face folds.

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2. Labrador Retriever

It’s unsurprising that the Labrador Retriever, nicknamed “Lab,” earned a spot on this list. The Labrador Retriever is one of the friendliest dog breeds — these pups get along with just about everyone (except maybe squirrels and other prey). They make great family companions, are patient around young children, and generally mesh well with other pets. Labs can have black, chocolate, or yellow-colored fur, weigh as much as 70 pounds, and stand up to 24.5 inches at shoulder height. They are high-energy pups who need a lot of mentally stimulating playtime, walks, and other outdoor excursions. They have double-layered, water-repellent coats, which are relatively low-maintenance and allow them to enjoy swimming and dock diving.

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3. Golden Retriever

Much like Labradors, Golden Retrievers also score high on sociability. They are comfortable in multi-pet homes with young children and are big cuddlebugs who prefer to be with their humans whenever possible. Golden Retrievers, originally bred as Scottish gundogs, have lots of energy that needs to be released productively through play, long walks, or runs. Their famous double-layered, water-repellent golden coats are more high-maintenance than Labs’ coats: They go through a big shedding period twice a year and also shed throughout, so they need regular brushing if you want to keep their coats long.

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4. German Shepherd Dogs

German Shepherds are majestic working dogs who take on a lot of different roles in our society, thanks to their high levels of intelligence. These popular large breed pups are known as devoted dogs who will do just about anything for their owners and can grow protective and defensive of them if not trained and socialized young. German Shepherds are also famous for their wolf-like trot and high running speeds. They are one of the most high-energy dog breeds, so they need multiple hours of exercise per day, or they can grow bored or destructive. German Shepherds can weigh up to 90 pounds and stand up to 26 inches in shoulder height. They shed a little year-round and also have shedding periods twice a year and will need help with their undercoats.

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5. Poodles

These aristocratic-looking pups might be known as popular show dogs, but Poodles also make loving family members who are good with young children. Poodles can be three different sizes: Standard, Toy, or Miniature. Standard poodles can weigh up to 70 pounds and stand 15 inches tall at shoulder height. Poodles are a high-energy breed, no matter their size, so pet parents should count on devoting part of their day to long walks and play. This breed also has low-shedding fur that tends to mat at the root if not brushed daily. Most pet parents will have their Poodle’s hair clipped short every four to six weeks to avoid this.

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6. English Bulldogs

The English Bulldog is an eye-catching pup with many devoted fans. These low-slung dogs, famous for their wrinkles, jowls, and muscular bodies, might look tough, but they love lazing around with their humans whenever possible. Although they only reach up to 15 inches at shoulder height, they can weigh up to 50 pounds. Bulldogs need moderate amounts of exercise, consisting of walks and playtime, and can also get bursts of energy. Because of their flat faces, Bulldogs should be kept out of the heat during high temperatures because they might have trouble breathing. Despite their short coats, Bulldogs can still shed and need regular brushing. Pet parents should regularly clean between their face folds because infections could develop.

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7. Rottweilers

Rottweilers, nicknamed “Rotties,” are muscular working dogs who have often served as intimidating guard dogs. Unlike the other dogs on the list, Rotties are known for being aloof and confident, so it’s a big deal when you finally win them over. Their aloofness also doesn’t apply to their family and friends, who often see their affectionate and silly sides. These big pups can weigh up to 135 pounds and stand up to 27 inches tall, making them the largest popular dog on this list. Rotties need plenty of exercise and enjoy a variety of different activities, including walking, swimming, and obedience challenges. This breed has a coarse black coat with brown accents. They need to be brushed weekly to keep their coats healthy and have occasional baths.

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8. Beagles

Beagles are popular pups and famous for being excellent hunting companions — they traveled with hunters in packs — and for having a distinct howl. Because of their pack mentality, Beagles are devoted small pups happy to spend the day with their families and get along well with other pets and young children. There are technically two types of Beagles: One that stands up to 15 inches at shoulder height and one that stands under 13 inches. The taller variety of Beagle typically weighs between 20 and 30 pounds. This breed requires at least one hour of exercise per day and weekly brushing because they are prone to shedding.

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9. Dachshunds

Dachshunds are instantly recognizable, thanks to their small stature, floppy ears, little legs, and long back. They’ve got vivacious, sometimes sassy, personalities and shockingly loud barks for such little pups. Unfortunately, their distinctive back makes them vulnerable to a number of health issues, and they are a delicate breed who shouldn’t jump up or off anything to avoid injury. They still need exercise, though — at least two walks a day. Dachshunds can vary in grooming care because they can be Longhaired, Wirehaired, or Smooth-coated.

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10. German Shorthaired Pointers

The German Shorthaired Pointer, originally an aristocratic hunting dog, is a famously friendly pup with tons of energy. This white-and-reddish-brown spotted dog has a high level of endurance, which can make them a great running or hiking companion, but it also means they need to get enough exercise, or they can grow destructive. Loving and cuddly, the German Shorthaired Pointer is a great pet for families with young children. This dog can get along with other pets but needs to be trained and socialized early on. The German Shorthaired Pointer’s coat must be brushed every few days to stay healthy.

The most common dogs in shelters

Some of the most popular dog breeds in America are also some of the breeds most commonly found in shelters. Some of the most common dog breeds found on Adopt a Pet are listed below, although note that these breeds are guesses because shelters do not often DNA test dogs:

Most common dog breeds in shelters:

• American Pit Bull Terrier
• Labrador
• German Shepherd Dog
• Chihuahua
• Husky
• American Staffordshire Terrier
• Australian Cattle Dog
• Boxer
• Beagle
• Doberman

Why are popular dog breeds surrendered?

Dogs, regardless of breed, are most often surrendered after they are out of their “cute” puppy stage and are entering adolescence. Nearly half (47.7 percent) of surrendered dogs were between the ages of five months and three years of age, according to a study by the National Council on Pet Population Study and Policy. And 18 percent of dogs are surrendered when they become seniors over the age of eight years old.

Pets might also be surrendered because they are not trained — 96 percent of surrendered dogs had never been to an obedience class, according to the aforementioned study — and/or are high-energy, so they become bored and destructive in the home. Many breeds commonly found in shelters are also large, working dogs who require mentally stimulating activities and aren’t content laying around the house all day and night. When adopting a dog, potential pet parents underestimate the time and care a high-energy dog requires.

When considering adopting a dog, look for a dog whose activity level, grooming requirements, and temperament are best for your family.

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7 tips for acing your inspection and bringing your new pup home.

By Tim Barribeau

So you’ve found a pet to bring into your family and filled out the adoption application. Many people don’t realize that when adopting from a rescue or shelter, there is often another step before you bring your pup home: The dog adoption home visit, where a representative from the rescue or shelter visits your house or apartment. Learn all about how to prepare for this step in the adoption process and what to expect from a home visit.

What is a home visit for adopting a dog?

You may be wondering why this step is necessary after you’ve already filled out an application. Shelters and rescues want to find the right home for each animal and ensure you will be a good pet parent. A home visit is their opportunity to make sure your home is suitable for a pet and remind you of the commitment and responsibility you’re accepting. In most cases, a home visit for dog adoption is just confirmation that your new pet will be safe, loved, and cared for as a member of your family.

Why do shelters do home visits?

Rescues and shelters often schedule a home visit to help them determine if your living environment and lifestyle are ideal fits for the particular dog you want to adopt. It’s important that new pet parents have the time, resources, and knowledge to provide for their pet’s needs, and a home visit allows the shelter to make sure that the dog will have the loving home they deserve.

Why is preparing for an adoption home visit important?

Your adoption home visit is your opportunity to demonstrate that you can properly care for a rescue pet. Think of the apartment pet interview like a job interview — if you don’t prepare ahead of time, you likely won’t put your best foot forward.

Preparing for an adoption home visit

Everyone in your household, whether other family members or roommates, should be involved in preparing for a home visit and new pet. You should talk to children about how to help take care of the dog and how to behave kindly toward animals.

To make a good impression on the adoption agency representative, you should also come prepared with your own questions to ask to show how invested you are in the process and how much thought you’ve given to taking care of a pet.

What should I do to prepare my home?

You want to show the shelter representative that you understand the responsibility of caring for a pet and will provide your new family member with everything they need to be happy and healthy. Take time to learn how to prepare for a dog and purchase all the required supplies, like a crate, water and food bowls, a collar and leash, and plenty of fun toys.

What questions will a shelter ask me during adoption?

When asked, “Why do you want to adopt a dog?” answer truthfully and openly. A home visit is often more of a conversation than a formal interview, and while your answers may not determine the shelter’s final decision, the shelter representative will still ask you multiple questions to gauge your ability to care for a dog. Be prepared for the following dog adoption interview questions and answers:

• Have you had experience with this particular type of animal before?
• Does everyone in your household agree to get a new pet?
• Do you have children? Are they comfortable and responsible with pets?
• Do you currently have any pets? Are they compatible with other animals?
• Do you rent or are you a homeowner?
• Do you have a yard? Is it fenced in? If not, how do you plan to provide exercise, and how often?
• Where will your pet be kept during the daytime? And at night?
• How do you plan to care for your pet if you need to leave town?

No matter how much you prepare, you may receive some questions during the home visit that you aren’t sure how to answer. Give an honest response, and if you don’t know the answer, admit it. The shelter representative won’t expect you to know everything, and it’s better to admit your lack of knowledge than to make up an answer.

What can I do after the home visit to further support the adoption process?

An adoption home visit is also a chance for you to ask questions of the shelter representative about your potential new pet’s history and temperament. Below are some common questions to ask when getting a dog that can help you prepare for your newest family member:

• What is the dog’s history?
• Are there any health issues or concerns that I should be aware of?
• Do you know what breed(s) the dog is?
• What have you noticed about the dog’s personality?
• Is the dog house-trained? Do they already know any basic commands?
• Does the dog get along with children? With dogs? Other animals?

Knowing the questions to ask before adopting a dog shows that you are engaged in the adoption process and lets the shelter know that you care about providing a proper home for the dog as much as they do.

What are some common mistakes to avoid during an adoption home visit?

Like any other kind of interview, one of the worst things you can do during an adoption home visit is to give the shelter representative the answers you think they want to hear. Be honest and open with your answers — and with your home. That means giving the representative a full tour of the house, including where your pet will eat and sleep. You should also already have supplies for your dog before the home visit to show your preparedness and commitment.

What to expect during a home visit

Your adoption home visit is a chance to show that you can and will provide your new pet with a safe and loving home. We asked Melissa Giordano, Adoption Coordinator of the Sato Project, to fill us in on what to expect during this step of the adoption process, so you can better prepare to make the best possible impression.

1. It’s all about state of mind

Giordano emphasizes that shelters and rescues are looking for people who want to do best by their animals.

“We’re not looking for you to have a spotless home with perfect everything because that doesn’t exist,” Giordano says. “We just want to make sure that the dog is going to be safe and that the people are open to suggestions and are going to be thinking through things that could potentially cause a problem.”

So the first thing you can do is take a deep breath and frame the visit in your mind as a chance to have a better and safer environment for a pet.

2. Think like a nervous dog

Giordano emphasized that a major part of her organization’s work is making sure there are no easy ways for a pet to escape their adopter’s home because animals may try and make a break for it if they’re in a new space and spooked. That means making sure that all windows and doors close securely and that you’re not relying on a screen for preventing escape; that any air conditioning units are properly anchored and the soft closures around them held firmly in place; that fences and gates (if present) are fully secure; and that there are no easily accessible tables or chairs for them to get high enough to jump over.

3. Tidy up

Your space doesn’t need to be spotless, but you need to do a decent clean-up. You want the shelter to know that you’re capable of keeping your home clean and that there’s not anything dangerous for the dog to easily get into. That means securing any garbage containers so they’re not easy to knock over and rifle through; making sure any plants you have around are pet-safe; and, if you have cat litter, making sure the dog can’t get into it. Giordano points out that things you might not even think of could be a problem: “Kids’ toys — sometimes you don’t even think about it, but puppies will chew those apart and could potentially get injured or swallow something that could get stuck.”

4. But don’t be too precious with your belongings

Animals, unfortunately, can be destructive — even if they don’t mean to be. A newly introduced dog may make messes regardless of how house-trained they are as they struggle to get used to a new place. And they may chew or scratch if they’re particularly nervous. So go into the adoption process with the knowledge that there might be some damage around your home, and if you have any rugs, furniture, or extremely precious belongings that you can’t stand to see possibly hurt, put them away until the animal is totally settled and you know how they’ll behave.

5. Introductions, please

The agency will also want to meet whoever currently lives in your house — people and animals. Not every animal is suited to every living situation, so this helps them ensure that the pet is going into an environment where they will be comfortable. They’ll probably want an introduction to your family members, roommates, and any other animals onsite.

6. Be prepared for in-person or over video

In large part because of the pandemic, you may be asked to do a video home visit rather than one in person. This entails dialing into a video chat where a staff member can talk to you as you walk around the house and reveal anything they need a closer look at. Or they might just want you to video a home tour on your own and send it in, which can be easier to coordinate with everyone’s schedules.

7. Be open to change

Above all else, remember that this isn’t an adversarial visit. The shelter wants you and the animal to be the best possible match so that everyone can be happy and fulfilled with one another. Any suggestions they give are so that an animal you adopt will be safer and happier — so go into the process with an open mind and a willingness to adapt, and you’ll be fine.

“The people that are coming to do the home visits are not going to judge them,” Giordano says. “We are not looking for a perfect house. We are just getting a sense for the person or the family to make sure that it’s a match for our dog and that they’re able to give our dog the best, safest, and most loving home.”

What are the reasons for denying pet adoption?

Not every pet adoption application is accepted, and shelters have a number of reasons for denying an adopter. For example, if you work long hours, the shelter may be worried that the dog will spend too much time alone and won’t get the love and care they need.

Some other reasons for denying pet adoption include:

• Your home doesn’t have a fenced yard or is too small for the dog
• You already own several pets
• You are too young (in college or younger) and may not have time to commit to a pet
• You are too old and may not be able to properly care for a pet
• You have young children in the home
• Your current pets are not up-to-date on vaccinations and care
• None of your current pets are spayed or neutered

Remember that every pet and every situation is different. The shelter just wants to find the best possible home for each dog in their care, and reasons for denying an adoption are in the pet’s best interests.

FAQs (People Also Ask):

Why is preparing for an adoption home visit important?

Preparing for your home visit shows that you are ready for the commitment of caring for a pet.

What should I do to prepare my home?

Prepare your home by purchasing the supplies you need to make your home safe and comfortable for your dog. Get rid of anything that could be dangerous to a pet.

How can I make a good impression on the adoption agency representative?

Be enthusiastic about the process, answer questions honestly and openly, and ask your own questions.

Should I involve my family members in the preparation process?

Family members should be involved because everyone in the household should be on the same page when bringing a pet into the home and should know what to expect.

What are some common mistakes to avoid during an adoption home visit?

Avoid giving answers you think the representative wants to hear. Instead, give accurate and honest answers.

How can I handle any unexpected questions or situations during the visit?

If you don’t have an answer to a question or are unsure, admit it. The representative will appreciate your honesty.

What can I do after the home visit to further support the adoption process?

After your home visit, continue to prepare your home for a new dog by purchasing supplies and asking the shelter questions about your new pet.

What are the reasons for denying pet adoption?

There are multiple reasons for denying pet adoption, including a lack of space, too many current pets, young children, and pets that are not spayed or neutered.

References:

How to Adopt a Dog

Muttville – How to Adopt a Dog

Korean K9 Rescue – Adoption Process

Rescue Dogs Rock NYC – Application Process

Sample Interview Question for Screening

Guidelines for Screening Potential Adopters

Home Visit Check List

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Tim Barribeau is a freelance writer, editor, cat dad, and “help your boyfriend buy a suit that actually fits for once” consultant. He was previously the Style and Pets editor at Wirecutter, and has bylines at a bunch of publications that don’t exist anymore (and a couple that still do).