How Much Does A Dog Cost? Average Monthly Costs

Thinking of adopting a dog? Learn more about the average monthly costs of dog ownership.

By Savannah Admire

woman with puppies
Ana Luz Crespi / Stocksy
Adopting a dog is a significant financial investment, not only in one-time upfront costs but also over the course of your pup’s life. Of course, most pet parents would say that every penny is worth it — and it’s easy to forgive and forget those costs when looking into your dog’s loving eyes. Still, it’s important to learn all about the cost of having a dog to help you decide whether you’re ready for the commitment.

How much does it cost to adopt a dog?

The costs of having a dog start right away, including the cost of getting a dog. Breeders charge a significant amount of money, often between $1,000 and $5,000, for a purebred puppy. Adoption fees for dogs vary depending on the shelter or rescue but cost much less, usually around several hundred dollars, and allow you to provide a home to an animal in need and make room for the shelter to help more animals.

After adoption, multiple costs arise during the first year of dog parenthood, including initial veterinarian visits, spaying or neutering, microchipping and licensing, and, of course, buying all the supplies your dog will need. Based on the following cost breakdowns, your first year may cost anywhere from $420 to $3,270. We suggest setting a budget at a minimum of $2,000 for your first year as a dog parent.

One-time dog adoption costs

It’s important to understand all the responsibilities and costs of adopting a dog, so here’s a breakdown of the price ranges for each one-time adoption item below.

  • Adoption fee – $100 to $800
  • Vaccinations – $350 to $450 for initial exam and vaccinations, $115 to $230 annually
  • Spay/neuter surgery – $200 to $700
  • Licensing – $20 to $100 (may include microchip)
  • Microchip – $30 to $100, $50 on average
  • Training – $30 to $1,250
  • Initial supplies – $100 to $2,000:
    • Collar, harness, leash, and ID tags – $20 to $110
    • Bed – $20 to $150
    • Bowls for food and water – $12 to $80
    • Crate (optional) – $100 to $200
    • Toys – $100 to $300
    • Grooming supplies (brushes, shampoo, nail clippers) – $10 to $70
    • Food and treats – $200 to $900

When it comes to initial vaccinations, as well as spay and neuter surgery, you can look for low-cost programs and clinics in your area. Some rescues also cover the cost of spaying or neutering and even up-to-date vaccines as part of their adoption fee, eliminating the cost of getting a dog spayed from your budget.

What are the typical costs for basic supplies?

Pet spending has only increased in the last few years, with pet parents spending over $130 billion in 2022. That’s because one of the responsibilities of having a dog is purchasing a lot of supplies to keep them safe, healthy, and entertained in their new home.

Depending on how big you want to go with toys, treats, and essentials, expect to spend several hundred dollars outfitting your home for your new family member. For a small dog, figure on $100 for initial supplies; for a medium dog, $200; and for a giant breed dog, $300 and up.

Supplies vary in cost depending on the brand, material, and quality, so do your research and choose the best options for your new pet and your budget.

Other basic pet supplies you might not think about include:

  • Booties
  • Jackets and sweaters (depending on your climate and your dog’s coat type)
  • Dog poop bags
  • Camera monitor
  • Orthopedic bed
  • Ramp or stairs (depending on the size and age of your dog)
  • Potty pads
  • Stain and odor remover

How much does having a dog cost annually?

Once you’ve bought all the supplies and taken your dog for their first vaccinations at the vet, there are still ongoing costs that add up over the course of a year. Vet care, food, and services like boarding, grooming, and dog walking are generally the three largest expenses when it comes to dog parenthood.

Dogs also require annual visits to the vet for check-ups and any required vaccinations, as well as flea and heartworm prevention to keep them healthy. While pet insurance is optional, it’s a great way to prepare for unexpected medical expenses.

Long-haired dogs also require regular grooming, and even short-haired dogs need the occasional bath and nail trim. Of course, all dogs need high-quality food designed to meet their nutritional needs, which is a major expense of dog parenthood.

The average cost of a dog per year can be anywhere from $1,270 to $2,803, so it’s a good idea to have a healthy budget for your dog’s needs. And keeping up with their training is important too, so expect to spend about $250 per year if you sign up for basic training classes. We suggest budgeting a minimum of $2,500 annually, including the following items:

  • Dog food – $120 to $900
  • Toys and treats – $30 to $200
  • Medical expenses – $750 to $1,750
  • Pet insurance – $280 to $1,030
  • Additional supplies – $30 to $250
  • Training – $30 to $250

Does the annual cost of having a dog vary with age?

Puppies are more expensive because they typically need a series of vet visits for vaccinations, routine check-ups, more toys, larger collars as they grow, and training. They also tend to be the ones that chew up your couch cushions.

Senior dogs, however, may have more health issues, which could increase your annual costs, especially if you need to invest in multiple medications, special foods, and ramps or other mobility aids. Older dogs are more prone to diseases like heart, kidney, and liver diseases, arthritis, and cancer, so the cost per year for medications and veterinary treatment goes up. The exact age at which a dog is considered “senior” depends a lot on the size of the breed, as larger breeds (and purebreds) typically develop health problems much sooner than smaller and mixed-breed dogs.

Are there any unexpected or emergency expenses I should be prepared for?

While you can budget for your dog’s anticipated monthly needs, there will always be expenses you can’t plan for, such as illness and injury. Emergency veterinary care can set you back several thousand dollars in a single visit, and chronic illnesses can balloon your budget. Here are a few unexpected expenses to consider:

  • Emergency vet care
  • Long-term illness
  • Extensive behavior training
  • Boarding or pet sitting if you travel
  • Destruction of valuable items (shoes, furniture, landscaping)

If you live in a rental, you should also factor in the cost of a pet deposit, usually around $200 to $500, in your overall cost of raising a dog.

How to build a dog emergency fund

Creating an emergency fund for your dog’s needs can help you avoid financial stress when an unexpected expense comes up. Set aside a little money each month for your pet, factoring this amount into your monthly budget. You can choose a specific amount to save or just budget the average cost of having a dog per month. You can even create a separate savings account to easily draw on this money should you have to rush your dog to the emergency vet or invest in more extensive training classes.

Why is pet insurance important?

Investing in pet insurance can help you prepare for unexpected expenses and keep your budget from taking a hit if your dog becomes injured or ill. While you can budget for standard pet parent costs, like food, annual vet care, and flea and tick preventative, there’s really no way to budget for accidents or serious health conditions, which can happen at any time. Fortunately, the younger your dog is when you purchase pet insurance, the more affordable and better the coverage. Just make sure to do your research and get several quotes because the cost of monthly premiums can vary widely.

Is there a significant difference in expenses between having a dog and a cat?

While cats are lower-maintenance than dogs and tend to be less expensive because of their smaller size, cats do have a longer lifespan —about 15 years on average, and many live to 20 — which means that you’re looking at a longer-term commitment when comparing the cost of a cat compared to a dog.

Just like with a dog, the initial expenses of adopting a cat, including adoption fees, vaccinations, and supplies, are significant, usually around $350 to $950. However, the cost of having a dog still tends to be higher, with the average dog parent spending $3,350 annually in 2021, compared to $2,377 for cat parents. It’s important to understand the financial commitment involved in adopting a pet and to ask yourself, “Can I afford a dog?” before taking that big step.

FAQs (People Also Ask):

How much does it cost to have a dog per month?

The average monthly cost of taking care of a dog ranges from $40 to $290.

How much does having a dog cost annually?

Most pet parents spend around $1,000 a year on their dog, but the total varies depending on the dog’s size, age, health, and the pet parent’s purchasing choices.

What are the three biggest expenses of having a dog?

The three biggest expenses of dog parenthood are medical care, food, and services like grooming and boarding.

What are the typical costs for basic supplies?

The basic supplies you need for a dog will usually run around $500 to $1,000.

Are there recurring expenses such as food, grooming, and veterinary check-ups?

All dogs need regular nutritious meals and annual veterinary check-ups. Long-haired dogs need regular grooming, and short-haired dogs need regular baths and nail trims.

Are there additional costs to consider, such as pet insurance or pet-sitting services?

Pet insurance can help you cover unexpected medical expenses, like illness or injury. You may also want to invest in pet-sitting services if you travel regularly.

Are there any unexpected or emergency expenses I should be prepared for?

Prepare for emergency vet care for illness or injury, as it can be a major expense, as well as boarding and grooming.

Does the annual cost of having a dog vary with age?

While puppies can be very costly initially, older dogs also have higher costs because of more frequent vet visits and medications.

References

Marketwatch: Cost of Owning a Dog

ASPCA: Dog Ownership Cost

How Much it Costs to Own a Pet

Real Cost of Owning a Dog or Cat

Pet Spending Dogs Cats Survey

How Much Does Your Pet Cost You Per Year

Citizens Bank: Cost of Owning Dog or Cat

Press: Industry Trends

Lifetime Care Study: Lookbook

Which Pet Costs You More


Savannah Admire is a writer, editor, and pet parent to two dogs and a cat. When she’s not writing, you can find her reading, playing Animal Crossing, or being an obnoxious nerd about her favorite movies and TV shows. She lives in Maryland, where she constantly debates whether or not to get a third dog.

How Much Do Cats Cost? Average Monthly Costs Explained

By Savannah Admire

woman holds cat while considering costs
Heng Yu / Stocksy
Choosing to bring a cat into your home may seem simple, but it requires some budgeting and preparation. After all, cats can live over 17 years, so you’re looking at a long-term commitment. Fortunately, most pet parents (82 percent) say that pet spending brings them the most gratification of any of their monthly expenses. If you’re ready to join the ranks of cat parents, we’ve put together a guide on the cost of cat parenthood to help you prepare your budget (and yourself).

How much does it cost to adopt a cat?

Adopting a cat from your local shelter or rescue can cost anywhere from $100 to $500, depending on your location and the organization’s fees. Fortunately, many adoption fees include spaying or neutering, up-to-date vaccines, and even microchipping, which can save you money on initial cat parenthood costs.

One-time cat adoption costs

When you decide to adopt a cat, there are a lot of pet costs associated with purchasing supplies, adoption fees, and first vet visits. Below, we break down the range for each of these items, so you can get a better idea of how to budget for your new pet.

  • Adoption fee – $100 to $500
  • Vaccinations – $200 to $500
  • Spay/neuter surgery – $100 to $800
  • Microchip – $25 to $75, $50 on average
  • Initial supplies – $300 to $800:
    • Bed – $25 to $100
    • Scratching post – $20 to $135
    • Nail clippers – $5 to $30
    • Collar – $10 to $50
    • Toys – $5 to $30
    • Food and water bowls – $5 to $50
    • Carrying crate – $40
    • Litter box – $25

If you adopt a kitten, expect to make several visits to the vet during their first six months of life because kittens require multiple vaccinations to protect them from disease. You should also factor in the cost of getting a cat spayed, which can be pricey, so consider local spay and neuter clinics that offer the service at a lower cost.

What factors contribute to the cost of having a cat or dog?

Taking care of a cat involves a number of expenses, the biggest of which are medical care and food; cat parents should plan on investing in a healthy diet that meets their cat’s nutritional needs, and annual check-ups and vaccinations with a veterinarian. Cats also need litter, toys, and scratching posts. Unlike dogs, cats groom themselves and often don’t need regular grooming, but you may still want to invest in occasional grooming from a professional, especially with long-haired cats.

The table below breaks down what you can expect to spend on each item annually, so you can build a more comprehensive pet budget.

Expense Average Cost
Medical care $100 to $300
Food $120 to $500
Litter $70 to $150
Toys and scratching posts $20 to $75

What are the typical costs for basic supplies?

Before you bring your new cat home, you’ll need to invest in some basic supplies to make sure they’re comfortable and entertained. Costs of pet spending can vary widely, depending on the brand and which products you choose to buy. For cats, figure on spending at least $100 on basic pet supplies, including:

  • Collar
  • Pet ID tag
  • Microchip
  • Cat bed
  • Bowls
  • Toys
  • Food
  • Scratching posts
  • Carrying crate

How can I estimate the annual cost of having a cat?

Your first year of having a cat may cost anywhere from $750 to $2,675. As with any pet, first-year costs are higher because you have to purchase all the supplies you need to keep your cat happy and healthy.

The average cost of a cat per year is $1,149, according to the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA) —but the amount you spend will depend on your cat’s age, health, and where you live. The annual essentials your cat needs, like food and cat litter, can cost anywhere from $325 to $1,600 each year. You may also want to purchase non-essentials, as many pet parents do, like fun toys and accessories, which can run anywhere from $1,100 to $3,600 per year.

To determine a budget for your new cat, add up the average cost of the items you need and err on the more expensive side to give yourself a bit of a buffer. Plan on spending at least $200 to $500 each year on your cat, including food.

Kittens are more expensive because they typically need a series of vet visits for vaccinations, more toys, larger collars as they grow, and training. They also tend to be the ones that claw up your couch cushions! The dollar ranges below also include food and average annual vet care costs:

  • $300 – Adult indoor-only cat (one to 10 years old)
  • $400 – Kitten (under one year old)
  • $500 – Senior indoor-only cat (10+ years)
  • $500 – Any age cat that goes outdoors

Are there any unexpected or emergency expenses I should be prepared for?

While you can certainly budget for the standard monthly expenses of cat parenthood, like food and litter, there will always be unexpected expenses. If your cat becomes sick or injured, you may have to take them to an after-hours emergency veterinarian, which can easily cost $1,000 to $5,000 for a single visit. Setting aside some money in savings for unplanned expenses like the ones below can help save your budget.

  • Emergency vet care
  • Long-term illness
  • Extensive behavior training
  • Boarding or pet sitting if you travel
  • Destruction of valuable items (carpets, furniture, houseplants)

If you rent your home or apartment, you may also need to budget for a pet deposit, which can be anywhere from $150 to $500 annually.

How to build a cat emergency fund

One of the best ways to prepare for unexpected expenses as a cat parent is to establish an emergency fund. Choose an amount of money to budget each month to add to a savings account. Then, when you have emergency expenses, like visiting an emergency vet or boarding for an unexpected trip, you can pull money from that account and avoid stressing about a big bill.

Why is pet insurance important?

As an alternative or in addition to an emergency fund, you can also invest in pet insurance, which can help you handle unexpected and emergency medical situations, such as injury or illness. Pet insurance policies are most affordable when your cat is young and healthy, so the sooner you can sign up, the better. Make sure to get several quotes to find a policy that works best for you and your budget.

Is there a significant difference in expenses between having a cat and a dog?

Cats tend to have longer lifespans than dogs, meaning you’ll be paying for your feline friend for longer than a dog. However, cats are still generally lower-cost overall for various reasons, such as their smaller size (cats eat less food than dogs).

When comparing the cost of a cat compared to a dog, it’s important to consider the different types of expenses each pet will require. And before you rush out to adopt that adorable cat you saw online, take a moment to consider your budget and ask yourself, “Can I afford a cat?”

FAQs (People Also Ask):

How much does it cost to have a cat per month?

The average cost of having a cat per month is around $80 on average.

What is the true cost of having a cat?

The initial costs of adopting a cat can range from $750 to $3,020, while annual costs in the following years can be anywhere from $325 to $1,600.

What are the biggest expenses of having a cat?

Vet care and food are the biggest expenses of cat parenthood.

Is it less expensive to have a cat or dog?

Cats tend to be more affordable than dogs because they’re smaller and lower-maintenance.

What are the typical costs for basic supplies?

The costs of basic cat supplies vary widely based on location and brand, but the general range is $300 to $800.

Are there recurring expenses such as food, grooming, and veterinary check-ups?

Your cat may not need regular grooming, but annual veterinary check-ups and a balanced diet are essential to their well-being.

Are there additional costs to consider, such as pet insurance or pet sitting services?

Investing in pet insurance can help you handle unexpected medical costs. If you travel, you can pay to board your cat in a kennel or hire a professional pet sitter.

Are there any unexpected or emergency expenses I should be prepared for?

The biggest unexpected expense of pet parenthood is emergency vet care, which can be costly.

References

USAToday: What is the Cost of Owning a Cat

Cat Ownership Cost

CNBC: How Much it Costs to Own a Pet

Real Cost of Owning a Dog or Cat

Pet Spending Dogs and Cats Survey

How Much Does Your Pet Cost You Per Year

CitzensBank: Cost of Owning Dog or Cat


Savannah Admire is a writer, editor, and pet parent to two dogs and a cat. When she’s not writing, you can find her reading, playing Animal Crossing, or being an obnoxious nerd about her favorite movies and TV shows. She lives in Maryland, where she constantly debates whether or not to get a third dog.

How Can You Tell Your Dog’s Age?

Wondering how old your dog is? Read more to learn about how you can determine your dog’s age.

Tips on how to determine a dog’s age — it’s part science and part artful guesswork.

By Karen B. London, PhD

woman determining age of older dog while puppy watches
Thirdman / Pexels
If you’re considering adopting a rescue dog, you’ll likely know little about their history. But as any eager pet parent, you probably can’t help but wonder about their past — whether it be their breed ancestry or their age. Finding out the age of puppies is easy, but with older dogs, is it possible to determine how old they are?

Although the question may seem straightforward, providing a dependable answer is actually quite complicated. There are a number of clues that can be used to estimate a dog’s age, but the accuracy of the guess may be anywhere from close to the truth to wildly off. Why? Like people, each dog visibly ages at a different rate, and a dog’s size, breed makeup, and past health and activity level affect how they age. Here are a few techniques you can use to estimate your dog’s age.

Six ways to tell a dog’s age

1. Teeth

One of the most prominent ways to tell a dog’s age is through teeth. Puppies have baby teeth that fall out and are replaced in a fairly predictable, age-dependent pattern, so very young dogs can typically be aged accurately by examining their teeth. Most dogs will have all of their adult teeth by the time they are about six months old, and once that happens, the teeth offer less exact information about age.

Generally, the condition of the teeth will change with age: they have more tartar, wear and tear, a flattened appearance, and gum disease. Dogs have a complete adult set of teeth between six months old and one year that appear clean and bright white. By fifteen months, the lower incisors begin to show some signs of wear. As dogs age, typically between eighteen months and three years, the cusps on their lower incisors and lower premolars will wear down, while the cusps on their upper incisors may show some signs of wear. Their teeth wear down and flatten over time, and by age four, they may have tartar buildup and yellowing.

However, factors such as diet, chewing habits, and genetics all have such a large influence that it is not unusual to see a young dog with teeth in poor condition or an old dog with relatively healthy teeth.

2. Eyes

Another way to tell a dog’s age is lens clarity. Middle-aged and senior dogs often have a haze on the lenses of their eyes, making the eyes look a little blue or cloudy. This haziness is called lenticular sclerosis and does not change the transparency of the eye to light and doesn’t affect vision like cataracts do. With lenticular sclerosis, dogs do not go blind; they just have difficulty detecting small details.

Lenticular sclerosis is a normal change in dogs’ eyes as they age and usually occurs in both eyes. About half of all dogs will show this condition by the age of nine, and within a few more years, it’s present in almost every dog.

3. Body condition

Puppies under a year old have round bodies and loose skin. Their skin is so big for them that it often seems like a second puppy could fit in there with them. Puppies have all this extra skin so they have room to grow as they age.

On the other end of the spectrum, a dog’s weight distribution changes with age. Older dogs will often have fat pads in their lower back area and a prominent spine. Loss of muscle occurs as dogs get older, too.

4. Body movement

Puppies and young dogs will often trip over their paws as though they were just placed in this new body and are trying to figure out how to operate it. Sometimes puppies seem a bit confused about the proper order of leg movement, and it doesn’t always look like they have it right.

Puppies typically have a sort of bounce in their step when they walk or run. With older dogs, you’ll see a swayback indicating that a dog is more of a senior citizen than a spring chicken.

5. Graying fur

Graying around the muzzle and eyes certainly makes dogs look older, but this isn’t a clear sign of age. Many dogs start getting that distinguished silvery look when they are only a few years old, while some senior dogs still have their original color.

Studies have shown that many young dogs experience premature graying due to anxiety and fear — basically, they get grays when stressed, just like we do.

6. Overall appearance

If you’ve adopted an adult dog, an age estimate may not be super accurate, but as time goes on, you might be able to improve your guess. If you’ve had an adult dog for several years and any changes in general appearance are minimal, your dog was probably pretty young when adopted, perhaps two, three, or four years old at the time.

  • Medium and large dogs from age two to eight can be remarkably similar in appearance, so it’s only as they age out of that range that it’s easier to determine when they were born.
  • Smaller dogs who have not changed in several years have a wider starting age range — perhaps from one to five years at adoption.

Your vet’s age assessment

You can ask your vet to help you figure out how old your dog is. Your vet will utilize many of the methods above to help make a determination.

Besides your dog’s physical appearance, one major clue about age is how long you (or the rescue) have had the dog, so your veterinarian will probably ask you that just to determine a starting point. (If the dog was at the shelter for three years, the dog can’t be only two years old!)

The task of determining a dog’s age can be quite challenging for a veterinarian, as it often requires a significant amount of guesswork. As a result, it is not uncommon for them to provide an unsatisfying age range rather than a specific age. Bummer.

FAQs (People Also Ask):

How can I find out how old my dog is?

The rescue you adopted your dog from will have the best clues on how old your dog is. A veterinarian can also help you determine the age of your dog by looking at their teeth, eyes, and overall appearance.

How can you tell a dog’s age?

You can tell a dog’s age by looking at their teeth, eye clarity, body condition, movement, and overall appearance. Their breed, health, size, and activity level will also play a role in how they age.

Can a vet tell how old a dog is?

Yes, a veterinarian can give a general estimate of how old a dog is. But because a variety of factors impact how dogs age, they likely cannot provide a wholly accurate estimate.

How do you tell the age of a female dog?

You can tell the age of a female dog by looking at the same overall physical appearance as any other dog: their teeth, body condition, and eye clarity.

How do you tell the age of a male dog?

Much like female dogs, you can tell the age of a male dog by making an assessment of a dog’s body condition: how their teeth look, their eye clarity, their spinal curvature, and fatty deposits.

How do you tell how old a rescue puppy is?

Your vet can determine the age of your puppy by reviewing their teeth. Puppies predictably lose their teeth starting around 12 weeks old and typically will have their full set of adult teeth by six months old.

How do you tell a dog’s age by teeth?

A puppy’s adult teeth typically arrive quickly and orderly, helping to give insight into their age. Puppies gain their permanent incisors between two and five months, their canines around five months, their premolars between four and six months, and their molars by seven months.

How do you tell how old a stray dog is?

It’s best to take stray dogs to a local veterinarian or animal shelter where they can check for a microchip and, if needed, determine the dog’s age.

References

Lenticular Sclerosis in Dogs

Eye Health and Canine Cataracts

Dog Spine Issues

Lumbosacral Disease in Dogs

Anxiety and Impulsivity: Factors Associated with Premature Graying in Young Dogs

Age Determination in Dogs

Inflammatory Pattern of the Infrapatellar Fat Pad in Dogs with Canine Cruciate Ligament Disease

 


Karen B. London, Ph.D., is a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist and Certified Professional Dog Trainer who specializes in working with dogs with serious behavioral issues, including aggression, and has also trained other animals including cats, birds, snakes, and insects. She writes the animal column for the Arizona Daily Sun and is an Adjunct Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Northern Arizona University. She is the author of six books about training and behavior, including her most recent, Treat Everyone Like a Dog: How a Dog Trainer’s World View Can Improve Your Life.

Trazodone For Shelter Dogs: What Is Trazodone?

Curious about trazodone for shelter dogs? Uncover its role in bringing comfort, exploring benefits, and promoting overall well-being in these furry companions

A trazodone a day keeps the scaries away… maybe

By Jennifer Abrams LVT, ACAAB and Sarah Byosiere PhD

shelter dog stress
Cierra Voelkl / Unsplash

Gone are the days of Disney’s Lady and the Tramp, when dog catchers rounded up strays and took them to dog pounds to sit in cages. Animal shelters are increasingly staffed by caring and committed animal lovers, have welfare conferences, veterinary shelter medicine specializations, and many even have enrichment programs.

Yet, even with these improvements, animal shelters — especially large, open-admission, municipal shelters — are inherently stressful places where even well-adjusted pets can shut down physically and behaviorally. 

So what can be done to help these anxious pets? In 2018, the Animal Care Centers of NYC (ACC), New York City’s only open-admission animal shelter system, began a trial of using low-dose trazodone to ease their dogs’ transition into the shelter environment.

What is trazodone?

Trazodone is an antidepressant often prescribed for generalized anxiety disorders and specific phobias (for example, those triggered by loud noises, such as thunderstorms) in dogs. The transition into a shelter may function as a similar stressor; everything a dog was once comfortable with, and in control of, is jarringly removed, and novelty becomes the norm.

How can trazodone help improve shelter pets’ health?

In addition to the environmental stress, shelter-housed pets get sick easily as a result of exposure to novel germs, a high viral load in the environment, stress-weakened immune systems, or a combination of all three. What’s more, the rate of contagious illness may be linked to immunosuppression caused by high levels of stress.

The first step in combating this is for shelters to meet their pets’ basic veterinary and behavioral care needs and put enrichment policies into place to minimize stress. But once that’s been done, could trazodone help pets even more? One study suggests that such a step could be the answer. 

To find out, we worked with the ACC, which has full veterinary and behavior teams in each shelter to provide for their animals’ physical and mental needs, as well as an extensive enrichment program and one of the highest placement rates in the nation for a large city municipal facility. Despite these measures, however, rates of contagious respiratory illness remain high at ACC, particularly canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) or kennel cough.

How did we test the theory?

To test whether trazodone could help reduce the number of cases of CIRDC, we compared two groups in different time periods: dogs who received the drug and a group in the past who didn’t. In November and December 2018, all dogs received an appropriate dose of trazodone upon entering the shelter. In the control group — dogs who entered the shelter in November and December 2016 and 2017 — no dogs received trazodone.

What did we find?

We studied a total of 1,766 cases and compared the number of sick dogs in the No Trazodone and Trazodone groups, identifying a significant change in illness rates.

  • Fewer dogs in the Trazodone group (29.1%) were sick compared to the No Trazodone group (41.2%).
  • Dogs in the Trazodone group had a statistically significant shorter length of stay (average of 9.23 days) in the shelter than dogs in the No Trazodone group (average of 10.47 days).
  • Dogs in the Trazodone group had a higher rate of adoption (42.1%) compared to the No Trazodone group (30.4%).

What do these findings mean?

These findings suggest that there may be a new practical use for trazodone. Early intervention in a shelter is critical for a pet’s success, and trazodone may be a useful way to reduce pets’ stress in the shelter and improve their quality of life by indirectly affecting their immune suppression, and possibly improving their resistance to highly contagious illnesses like CIRDC. 

However, care should be taken when interpreting these results. First and foremost, to prevent the medication from being classified as a sedative, a relatively low dose should be administered within a short but critical time period. The goal is not to mask stress or behaviors, but rather to facilitate a smoother transition.

Moreover, trazodone should be used in tandem with other non-pharmacological protocols. It’s very important that other enrichment and stress-mitigating procedures are used within the shelter (e.g., conspecific playgroups, individual socialization sessions, music, quiet lights-out time overnight, scent enrichment, food puzzles).

In other words, this method is one of many in an arsenal of techniques that can be used — collectively and when all other possibilities have been exhausted — to set up a dog for success in a stressful environment.


A pre-print of the full study can be accessed here. Please feel free to contact the authors via email or ResearchGate.

Jennifer Abrams is a Behavior Consultant with Behavior Vets of NYC. She previously served as the Director of Animal Welfare at Animal Care Centers of NYC. She is a licensed veterinary technician and Associate Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist, with a master’s degree in Animal Behavior and Conservation from Hunter College. She is passionate about representing the shelter-animal population in the scientific literature on welfare and well-being.

Sarah Byosiere, PhD, is director of Thinking Dog Center at CUNY Hunter College, where she focuses on studying the behavior and cognition of domestic dogs and other canids. Her research evaluates a broad spectrum of issues, including, but not limited to, the function of the play bow, dogs’ susceptibility to visual illusions, optimal methods in dog training, and improving the lives of shelter dogs.

Bulldog Breeds: Understanding the French Bulldog

Are you thinking of adopting French Bulldog? Learn more about Bulldog breeds and what makes Frenchies so popular.

By Julie Zeilinger

man holding happy french bulldog - most popular breed
Kristen Curette & Daemaine Hines / Stocksy
This year, for the first time ever, the French Bulldog, commonly known as a “Frenchie,” was named America’s most popular dog breed by the AKC. After 31 years of Labrador Retrievers reigning supreme, some may be surprised by this dethroning — but those who know and love their Frenchies certainly aren’t.

Why are French Bulldogs so popular?

French Bulldogs started becoming popular in the 1990s, and by 2017, they had climbed to the fourth spot in popularity rankings. Social media and celebrity influencers like Lady Gaga and Martha Stewart likely helped boost their popularity. Millennials are truly obsessed with these adorable pups. Why?

The first thing most people notice (and love) about Frenchies is their one-of-a-kind appearance. The combination of their large, bat-like ears, flat, wrinkly faces, blocky heads, and large eyes is irresistible to many. Besides their smushed faces, Frenchies are known to be easy-going, laid-back dogs requiring minimal grooming who prefer a good Netflix sesh over a long hike.

Their stout, muscular bodies are rivaled by few other breeds, and they have distinct, human-like voices, made widely known by Internet celebrity Frenchies like Walter Geoffrey and Nerf. Their distinct yowls bring their vibrant personalities and need for plentiful attention to life.

What makes French Bulldogs so special?

Frenchie are special because of their playful, clown-like personalities that they love to share with their humans. They enjoy being around people and are incredibly affectionate with children, adults, and other dogs alike. They’re very adaptable to new living conditions and daily schedules. This breed can also be a variety of beautiful colors, including brindle, fawn, and black.

Are French Bulldogs easy to train?

French Bulldogs’ friendly and affectionate personalities lend themselves well to training, as does their intelligence. Frenchies are known people pleasers and respond well to motivation, like food. Consistency is also important: Frenchies who are given a schedule (and whose parents stick to it) will fare better in training than those who aren’t. Frenchies can, however, be stubborn, so it’s best to start training as early in their lives — or your time with them — as possible.

Are French Bulldogs good for apartment living?

French Bulldogs are relatively low-maintenance dogs who bark very little, which makes them a good choice for people who live in apartments or small homes, especially those living under noise restrictions. Though this breed can be hyperactive as puppies, adults generally have low to moderate energy levels compared to other breeds. Originally bred as city dogs, Frenchies do well in smaller spaces and are homebodies; they prefer the comfort of their own home to traveling or exploring.

Are French Bulldogs easy to care for?

French Bulldogs have short, smooth coats that are easy to groom — and they benefit from regular grooming since they shed year-round. Regular brushing and bathing can help Frenchies keep their coats healthy and clean.

Though they can live in a variety of climates, Frenchies are sensitive to extreme temperatures. Their bodies lose heat quicker than it can be replaced in the cold, and their short coats don’t offer much warmth or protection, so they are prone to hypothermia and frostbite. The heat, however, also causes breathing issues due to restricted airflow in their snouts. Frenchie parents should be aware of signs of overheating, including excessive panting, mouth foaming, lethargy, heaving, drooling, and a discolored and/or floppy tongue.

What is the most common health problem with French Bulldogs?

The hard truth is that French Bulldogs — as well as other brachycephalic (or flat-faced) dogs — face many health problems. In fact, there is a growing movement from vets and other pet professionals to discourage the breeding of flat-faced breeds with extreme brachycephaly. Because of the French Bulldogs’ disproportionate bodies, these pups also need to be birthed by C-section, adding to both the expense and potential health complications of the breed.

Those considering adopting a Frenchie should be aware that though this breed has a lifespan of 10 to 12 years, Frenchies face a number of health problems that can be both financially and emotionally draining to treat, including breathing problems, heat stroke, skin, eye, and ear infections, spinal problems (such as intervertebral disk disease), hip dysplasia, and allergies. Other potential French Bulldog health conditions include:

Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS)

BOAS occurs in flat-faced dogs due to the cramming of the nose, nostrils, tongue, soft palate, and teeth into a relatively small space, reducing their airway size. Dogs suffering from BOAS may experience increased effort and difficulty breathing, trouble exercising, gagging, blue gums, overheating, fainting, and increased respiratory noise.

Heat stress

BOAS can be exacerbated by both hot and cold weather, and French Bulldogs are susceptible to experiencing symptoms of heat stress, or when a dog overheats for a short period of time but can efficiently cool off and has symptoms no more severe than dehydration or lethargy. Frenchies are also susceptible to the more serious heat stroke; signs of heat stroke include vomiting and diarrhea, which can progress to bloody vomiting and diarrhea. To avoid both, do not let your pet outside for more than 10 or 20 minutes when the temperature is over 90 degrees, and be careful and monitor your pup when the temperature is over 70 degrees.

Eye problems

Frenchies can experience eye problems, including dry eye, which is characterized by chronic inflammation in the eye.  They are also prone to cherry eye, which occurs when a dog’s third eyelid (an additional protective layer for the eye) gland prolapses and appears as a red, swollen mass on the lower eyelid.

Entropion, a hereditary disorder in which the eyelid rolls inward, causing a dog’s eyelashes to rub against their cornea, is also found in Frenchies; the condition can result in eye irritation and, if not treated, corneal ulceration. Corneal ulcers, or the erosion of the epithelium (the outermost layer of the cornea) and into the stroma (the level below the epithelium), also occur in French Bulldogs. This condition causes fluid to accumulate in the stroma, which gives the eye a cloudy appearance.

Skin fold dermatitis

As cute as Frenchies’ many wrinkles and folds are, they can often cause discomfort via skin fold dermatitis, which results from inflammation and/or microbial overgrowth when moisture and bacteria are trapped in a dog’s skin folds. Treatment normally involves cleaning the affected area with an antiseptic solution and/or applying antibiotic ointment. To avoid skin fold dermatitis, it’s important to regularly clean and dry your dog’s wrinkles.

Hip and elbow dysplasia

Hip and elbow dysplasia occur when the ball and socket of a dog’s hip or elbow joint do not fit or develop properly and rub against each other. Over time, the joint deteriorates and can even lose function. The condition is hereditary, though factors like improper weight and unbalanced nutrition can contribute to the condition. Symptoms can include decreased activity and range of motion, difficulty rising, jumping, running, or climbing stairs, lameness in the hind end, loss of thigh muscle mass, and stiffness or limping.

Patellar luxation

Patella luxation occurs when the patella (or kneecap) is dislocated and moves out of its normal location. Dogs experiencing this may have a skip in their step or even briefly run on three legs. There are four grades of severity of patella luxation, and the more severe the grade, the more likely a dog is to develop long-term problems. Surgery can be performed to address the issue.

Cleft palate

A cleft palate is a birth defect that appears as an opening between a dog’s mouth and nose that occurs when the tissues separating these cavities don’t grow together properly. Purebred dogs generally have a higher incidence of cleft palates, and brachycephalic breeds, including Frenchies, are most commonly affected.

Thyroid issues

Frenchies can inherit thyroid issues, including congenital hypothyroidism French Bulldog type, an enlargement of the thyroid gland that can cause decreased secretion of the thyroid hormone. The thyroid controls a dog’s metabolism and can cause slow physical and mental development.

Though French Bulldogs face their fair share of health problems, many Frenchie parents would be quick to say that they more than make up for those trials with their loyalty, affection, and charming personalities. Their intelligence and adaptability are laudable, as is their ability to get along with just about anyone. Whether in an apartment or home, a Frenchie doesn’t care — they’re just happy to be wherever you are.

easy going french bulldog sleeps on sofa in blanket

FAQs (People Also Ask):

What are French Bulldogs’ favorite things to do?

French Bulldogs love being with their humans 24/7 and enjoy playing with children, adults, and other dogs alike.

Are French Bulldogs good dogs for beginners?

French Bulldogs’ low to moderate energy and devotion to their humans make them good dogs for beginners, but their health problems can be expensive for first-time pet parents.

What is the most common health problem of French Bulldogs?

French Bulldogs commonly experience health issues, including brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), heat stress, eye problems, skin fold dermatitis, and more.

Are French Bulldogs the most popular type of dog?

Nope, the American Kennel Club’s rankings are determined by breeders and pure breed registrations. America’s most popular dog is actually the mixed-breed dog; mutts are in over 51% of US households. Even so-called ‘designer dogs’ such as Labradoodles, Puggles, Chiweenies, and Pitskies are considered mixed breed dogs and not included in the rankings.

References

French Bulldogs differ to other dogs in the UK in propensity for many common disorders: a VetCompass study

French bulldogs now the UK’s top breed

Come for the looks, stay for the personality? A mixed methods investigation of reacquisition and owner recommendation of Bulldogs, French Bulldogs and Pugs

Brachycephalic tipping point: time to push the button?

The Popularity of French Bulldogs


Julie Zeilinger is a NYC-based writer and editor whose writing has been published in Marie Claire, Vox, HuffPost, Forbes, and other publications. She is also the author of two books: College 101: A Girl’s Guide to Freshman Year (2014) and A Little F’d Up: Why Feminism Is Not a Dirty Word (2012). She is the mom to Baloo, a two-year-old Bichpoo and foster mom to dogs via Badass Animal Rescue.

Pet Adoption: How To Find A Pet Rescue?

Looking to adopt? Here are some helpful guidelines on finding a reputable pet rescue organization.

By Savannah Admire

two potential adopters choosing a shelter
PeopleImages: Yuri A / Shutterstock
You’ve decided to adopt a dog or cat, and you’re ready to find a new pup and give them a loving home. But how do you choose the right rescue organization or shelter? Are all organizations the same? Learn how to find the best animal shelters and rescue organizations in your area so you can give an animal in need a forever home.

What is an animal rescue organization?

An animal rescue organization is generally a nonprofit entity. These organizations are funded entirely or primarily by donations and often pull animals from municipal shelters to provide them with the medical care they need and help them find homes.

A shelter is usually funded by city or state tax dollars and is often where dogs and cats found as strays go. Shelter examples often include your local humane society or animal control department.

Both types of organizations have animals for adoption and work to help limit the population of homeless pets, educate the public about the importance of spaying and neutering, and match pets with loving families.

Why is it important to choose a reputable animal rescue organization?

Choosing a reputable animal rescue organization is just as important as choosing the right pet for your home and lifestyle. Local and national rescue organizations work hard to find homes for the animals in their care and deserve your support. You don’t want to give your money to an organization that is only looking to profit and doesn’t properly care for their animals. These groups give legitimate animal rescue organizations a bad name and can damage the cause of animal welfare.

How can I choose a reputable animal rescue organization?

When researching an animal rescue organization, look for a transparent and comprehensive website. The best animal rescue organizations have a board of directors, a large roster of trained volunteers, animals that appear well cared for and healthy, and clean and organized facilities. You can also look for the following:

1. 501(c)(3) status:

A reputable rescue organization will be a registered 501(c)(3) charity, which means they are a nonprofit organization exempt from federal taxes. You can find out if an organization is registered as a nonprofit by visiting charitynavigator.org or the BBB Wise Giving Alliance.

2. Transparency:

A good shelter or rescue organization will be fully transparent about their operations, facilities, and the care they provide. They will have a website or other online presence where you can learn about their mission, policies, and animals they have available for adoption. Staff will answer your calls and emails and be happy to answer questions about the number of adoptions they complete each year, their foster homes, their annual budget, and their spay/neuter policies.

3. Good reputation:

A reputable rescue organization will have a good reputation in the community. You can ask your veterinarian, friends, or family members for recommendations, and you should see the organization present at local adoption events and other community activities.

4. Foster homes:

The best animal shelters use foster homes instead of kennels so the animals in their care can get more attention and socialization before they are adopted. Some rescues operate entirely out of foster homes and have no facilities at all. The organization should comply with local restrictions on the number of animals allowed per household and any other laws around running a shelter.

5. Adoption fees:

 A reputable rescue organization will charge a reasonable adoption fee. This fee helps to cover the cost of caring for their animals and helps to ensure that they are going to a good home. The organization will also be open about what these fees cover, such as spaying or neutering and microchipping.

What are some signs of a reputable animal rescue organization?

A legitimate and reputable animal rescue organization should have a clear mission, and goals focused on animal welfare and work to advocate for the animals in their care at all times. They should also have complete transparency in their operations, policies, and financial information; adequate staff or volunteers to ensure individualized attention and care for all animals; and proper veterinary care and support from a local veterinary office. The organization should also be willing to collaborate with local authorities and other reputable animal welfare organizations and have a presence at adoption events and sound business practices.

A reputable organization’s adoption process should include screening potential adopters to ensure the animal’s well-being in their new home. They should also offer follow-up support for adopters and allow adopters to return their adopted pet if necessary.

Are there any warning signs or red flags to watch?

The biggest red flag for an animal rescue organization is a lack of transparency. If they are hard to contact or won’t answer questions about their organization or operations, you’re likely dealing with an unscrupulous individual or organization. You should also look out for signs of a bad animal rescue, such as poor living conditions for the animals, such as overcrowding, unsanitary environments, or neglect.

The adoption process should be thorough, and insufficient screening of potential adopters is definitely a warning sign of a less-than-reputable organization. In addition, if an organization charges high fees for all animals, regardless of age, or requests additional money from you, they’re likely not a registered nonprofit. They should be willing to answer your questions or address concerns and provide consistent information about their activities and the animals available for adoption.

“Look online before adopting from any shelter,” says Julie Sinaw, president and founder of Animal Lighthouse Rescue in New York City. “Look at their reviews to make sure other people are having good experiences. There are so many good shelters out there, but of course, there are always people in the world trying to dupe people and make money. If you can’t find any reviews of the shelter, move on to another shelter.”

How can I research and evaluate animal rescue organizations?

Start by reading reviews online and talking to others in your community who have worked with or adopted from a rescue to get an idea of their policies and operations. You should also consult your veterinarian to find out if a rescue is legitimate or ask what shelters and organizations they recommend.

How can I report concerns about an animal rescue organization?

Unfortunately, there is little oversight for animal rescue organizations, but you should definitely document any concerns in writing, as well as video and photos if possible. If there are any organizations that oversee the shelter, contact them first. If not, try contacting local authorities, such as the police, sheriff’s department, city council, or mayor’s office, to raise your concerns.

Once you have reported an organization to the local authorities, you can also report them to the Animal Legal Defense Fund. Some animal neglect or abuse cases can also be reported to the federal government under the USDA Animal Welfare Act.

Before you adopt a new pet, take the time to find a reputable rescue organization that is working to do the valuable work of finding loving homes for the animals in their care. Choosing the right shelter or rescue can ensure that your support goes to an organization that truly cares for their animals and strives to match them with the right families.

FAQs (People Also Ask):

How can I choose reputable animal rescue organizations?

Do as much research as possible by reading online reviews, talking to local friends and family, and speaking with your vet.

Why is it important to choose a reputable animal rescue organization?

You don’t want to support or give money to an illegitimate organization, and you want any pet you adopt to be properly cared for and socialized.

How can I research and evaluate animal rescue organizations?

Look up reviews online, ask your veterinarian for recommendations, and talk to others in your community.

What are some signs of a reputable animal rescue organization?

A reputable organization should be a registered nonprofit with a board of directors and staff of volunteers.

Are there any warning signs or red flags to watch out for?

Watch out for organizations that won’t answer questions or let you tour their facilities.

How can I report concerns about an animal rescue organization?

Reach out to local authorities, like the police, sheriff’s department, city council, or mayor’s office.

References

Rescue Me: Legislating Cooperation between Animal Control Authorities and Rescue Organizations

Ten Ways to Help Your Local Shelter or Rescue

Animal shelter Vs. Rescue

Red Rover: Choosing a Reputable Rescue Group

Pet Adoption: Why You Should Adopt an Animal


Savannah Admire is a writer, editor, and pet parent to two dogs and a cat. When she’s not writing, you can find her reading, playing Animal Crossing, or being an obnoxious nerd about her favorite movies and TV shows. She lives in Maryland, where she constantly debates whether or not to get a third dog.

How To Get A Cat To Like You: Cat Adoption Meet & Greet

Preparing to visit the cat shelter? Learn more about the meet and greet process and how you can get a new cat to like you.

By Savannah Admire
woman approaching a new cat
Ana Luz Crespi / Stocksy
If you’re a cat lover, you know it can take some time for a new cat to feel comfortable around you. While every cat has their own personality, even well-socialized cats may hesitate to approach an unfamiliar person. If you’re planning to adopt a new feline friend, learn how to approach a cat for the first time and how to get a cat to come to you, to encourage trust and — eventually — affection.

How to prepare to visit a cat in a shelter

Cats tend to keep their guard up when meeting someone new and are very perceptive of your actions. Before you visit a cat in a shelter or rescue, take the time to learn how cats communicate their feelings and moods, as well as how to make friends with a cat.

How can I create a positive environment for the cat’s first meeting?

To start your first meeting off on the right foot, maintain friendly body language and avoid staring, as much as you may want to look at that adorable face. Cats will pay close attention to your movements to determine if you’re safe to approach.

You should also pay attention to the cat’s physical cues. Study the cat’s body language and look for positive signs like purring, slow tail waves, and a lowered head, all of which can indicate that the cat is comfortable with you. Signs like rapid head movements or staring may indicate overstimulation, while a tense body, hiding, and ears flattened to the head can indicate a frightened cat, letting you know that you should keep your distance and be patient.

How should I approach a cat during our first meeting?

When you first approach a new cat, you should do so on their level — literally. Standing can be intimidating, so kneel or sit on the floor, making yourself smaller and closer to the cat’s size. This will make you appear less threatening and give the cat a chance to study you and approach you on their own terms.

Once the cat comes closer, offer your hand for them to sniff. Don’t force the cat to touch you or make any sudden movements that could startle the cat. You may even have to sit very still and pretend to ignore the cat by looking at your phone or talking to someone else in the room. When the cat does approach you, you can hold out a loosely closed fist for the cat to smell so they can become better acquainted with you.

Make sure to speak softly and calmly. Cats are sensitive to loud noises and are more likely to approach you if they sense that you’re calm and safe. Give the cat space to come to you in their own time, and don’t try to pet the cat if they don’t want to be touched.

Above all, meeting a new cat for the first time requires an abundant amount of patience. You have to be willing to wait for the cat to approach you and give them space until they do.

Should I try to pet a cat immediately?

Never try to pet a cat before they ask you to. Cats will let you know when they want attention by giving you a light nudge with their head. This may come in the form of a gentle head bump, or they may rub against you with the side of their face or chin.

When a cat nudges you, let them sniff your hand, and if they nudge you again, feel free to reach out and pet them. For the first interaction, only pet the cat lightly on the head and avoid any other spots on their body.

Can I use treats to help the cat warm up to me?

Treats can be a good way to encourage a new cat to develop positive associations with being around you. A little snack can also help coax a more timid cat to approach you. Just make sure not to feed the cat from your hand, but instead, set a treat or two on the floor nearby so the cat can investigate and approach without having to come in direct contact if they’re not ready. This is also an effective tactic if you’re wondering how to approach a stray cat without scaring them.

Tricks for getting a cat to like you

The best way to encourage a cat to warm up to you is to allow them to approach you. Cats like to call the shots, and you can respect that desire by keeping your distance and only petting the cat when they give the okay, as well as knowing where not to touch a cat. You can also use treats and try playing with them; wand toys are also great for first encounters because they allow the cat to play without coming too close to an unfamiliar person. While a little playtime may not be the answer to how to make a cat love you instantly, it’s certainly a good start.

  1. Use a calm, soft voice
  2. Maintain relaxed body language
  3. Avoid loud noises and sudden movements
  4. Play with them from a distance
  5. Encourage them with treats

What if the cat seems fearful or skittish?

Many cats may seem a little fearful or even skittish at a first meeting, so be patient and don’t force the cat to interact with you, as this will only make them more frightened. Instead, give the cat plenty of space, allowing them to hide if they want or explore the room. They may even slowly draw closer to you simply out of curiosity. Maintain your calm and non-threatening posture by sitting on the ground and greet the cat in a soft voice to help soothe them.

What not to do when you first meet a cat

When you meet a cat for the first time, it can be tempting to scoop them up in your arms and give them kisses. But this behavior is guaranteed to frighten the cat and can even result in scratches or cause damage to the future relationship you were hoping to have. Instead, make sure to avoid these behaviors as you’re learning how to get a cat to like you:

  • Never stare at the cat. Cats can see staring as threatening or intimidating. Instead, offer an encouraging slow blink to show the cat you trust them.
  • Avoid making any sudden movements, which can startle the cat and cause them to run away and hide.
  • Never pick up a cat if they’re not comfortable with it. Being picked up can make a cat feel trapped and scared, and many cats don’t like being held at all.
  • Know where to touch a cat and where not to pet a cat. Avoid full-body petting and keep your first pets around the cat’s head and chin.
  • Don’t force the cat to interact with you if they’re not interested because this will only make them feel more stressed. Instead, give them space to approach you in their own time and on their terms.

By taking the time to understand a cat’s signs and how they communicate through their body language, you can ensure that your first interaction with a new cat goes as smoothly as possible. By starting off on the right foot (paw?) with your new feline friend, you can begin to develop a loving relationship that can last for years to come.

FAQs (People Also Ask):

How should I approach a cat during our first meeting?

Be patient, avoid making any sudden movements or loud noises, and let the cat come to you on their own.

Should I try to pet the cat immediately?

Never try to pet a cat until they ask you to with a nudge or head bump.

What if the cat seems fearful or skittish?

If the cat seems fearful, keep your distance and “ignore” the cat to allow them to grow used to your presence.

Can I use treats to help the cat warm up to me?

Treats can help coax a hesitant cat out of their shell and develop positive feelings about being around you.

Should I try to play with the cat during the first meeting?

If the cat seems willing to play, use a wand toy that allows them to interact with you while still keeping their distance.

How can I create a positive environment for the cat’s first meeting?

Offer the cat treats and toys to play with, but give them space to explore and warm up to you in their own time.

References

Maddie’s Fund: Cat Handling Handbook

Austin Pets Alive: Guide to Socializing Cats

Helping a Fearful Cat in New Home

Science-Backed Tips for Getting a Cat to Like You

How to Take Care of Your Cat


Savannah Admire is a writer, editor, and pet parent to two dogs and a cat. When she’s not writing, you can find her reading, playing Animal Crossing, or being an obnoxious nerd about her favorite movies and TV shows. She lives in Maryland, where she constantly debates whether or not to get a third dog.

10 Most Popular Dog Breeds

Choosing what breed to adopt? Here are the 10 most popular dog breeds.

By Alicia Kort

woman snuggling with a popular dog breed
Luis Velasco / Stocksy
America can’t get enough of these 10 most popular dog breeds. According to data from the American Kennel Club’s registration numbers and the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA)’s survey statistics, in 2022, the most popular dogs in America were actually mixed-breed dogs. In terms of purebred dogs, the French Bulldog was crowned the most popular dog for the first time ever — dethroning the Labrador Retriever, who had held the title for a whopping 31 years. Below, you’ll find more information on each breed, including some predictable winners and a few surprises.

America’s most popular pup

Mixed breed dog mutt popular pet stands in grass
Stephen Morris / Stocksy

The Mixed-Breed Dog

You might be surprised to learn that mixed dogs are the most popular breed in America — 51.3 percent of U.S. family dogs are mixed. Mixed-breed pups are often shelter dogs, and their personalities can vary widely. After their initial adjustment period after adoption, and as they start to relax in their new homes, these pups’ personalities start to emerge. Mixed-breed dogs usually don’t have the health issues purebred dogs can have and are generally more affordable in terms of an initial fee.

Top 10 most popular purebred dogs

popular brown french bulldog walking on leash
Page Light Studios / Adobe Stock

1. French Bulldog

French Bulldogs have some of the most avid fans out of all dog breeds. Many people are obsessed with this small, smushed-face dog. The French Bulldog boasts bat-like ears, a wrinkled face, alert and intelligent eyes, and a little stubby tail. These affectionate and family-oriented pups can weigh up to 28 pounds and stand as tall as 13 inches at shoulder height. French Bulldogs make great pets for city dwellers because they don’t require much exercise, though they still need daily walks and time for play. They are flat-faced, so they can struggle to breathe during vigorous exercise, which should be avoided. French Bulldogs only require a weekly brushing, and pet parents shouldn’t forget to clean their face folds.

popular Labrador retriever dog on stairs
Raymond Forbes LLC / Stocksy

2. Labrador Retriever

It’s unsurprising that the Labrador Retriever, nicknamed “Lab,” earned a spot on this list. The Labrador Retriever is one of the friendliest dog breeds — these pups get along with just about everyone (except maybe squirrels and other prey). They make great family companions, are patient around young children, and generally mesh well with other pets. Labs can have black, chocolate, or yellow-colored fur, weigh as much as 70 pounds, and stand up to 24.5 inches at shoulder height. They are high-energy pups who need a lot of mentally stimulating playtime, walks, and other outdoor excursions. They have double-layered, water-repellent coats, which are relatively low-maintenance and allow them to enjoy swimming and dock diving.

two golden retriever buddies
Samantha Gehrmann / Stocksy

3. Golden Retriever

Much like Labradors, Golden Retrievers also score high on sociability. They are comfortable in multi-pet homes with young children and are big cuddlebugs who prefer to be with their humans whenever possible. Golden Retrievers, originally bred as Scottish gundogs, have lots of energy that needs to be released productively through play, long walks, or runs. Their famous double-layered, water-repellent golden coats are more high-maintenance than Labs’ coats: They go through a big shedding period twice a year and also shed throughout, so they need regular brushing if you want to keep their coats long.

Popular German Shepherd dog breed
Yan Krukau / Pexels

4. German Shepherd Dogs

German Shepherds are majestic working dogs who take on a lot of different roles in our society, thanks to their high levels of intelligence. These popular large breed pups are known as devoted dogs who will do just about anything for their owners and can grow protective and defensive of them if not trained and socialized young. German Shepherds are also famous for their wolf-like trot and high running speeds. They are one of the most high-energy dog breeds, so they need multiple hours of exercise per day, or they can grow bored or destructive. German Shepherds can weigh up to 90 pounds and stand up to 26 inches in shoulder height. They shed a little year-round and also have shedding periods twice a year and will need help with their undercoats.

popular standard poodle dog at beach
Sean McSeveney / Pexels

5. Poodles

These aristocratic-looking pups might be known as popular show dogs, but Poodles also make loving family members who are good with young children. Poodles can be three different sizes: Standard, Toy, or Miniature. Standard poodles can weigh up to 70 pounds and stand 15 inches tall at shoulder height. Poodles are a high-energy breed, no matter their size, so pet parents should count on devoting part of their day to long walks and play. This breed also has low-shedding fur that tends to mat at the root if not brushed daily. Most pet parents will have their Poodle’s hair clipped short every four to six weeks to avoid this.

Two english bull dogs on grass
kkgas / Stocksy

6. English Bulldogs

The English Bulldog is an eye-catching pup with many devoted fans. These low-slung dogs, famous for their wrinkles, jowls, and muscular bodies, might look tough, but they love lazing around with their humans whenever possible. Although they only reach up to 15 inches at shoulder height, they can weigh up to 50 pounds. Bulldogs need moderate amounts of exercise, consisting of walks and playtime, and can also get bursts of energy. Because of their flat faces, Bulldogs should be kept out of the heat during high temperatures because they might have trouble breathing. Despite their short coats, Bulldogs can still shed and need regular brushing. Pet parents should regularly clean between their face folds because infections could develop.

Happy rottweiler dog with pet parent
Jovo Jovanovic / Stocksy

7. Rottweilers

Rottweilers, nicknamed “Rotties,” are muscular working dogs who have often served as intimidating guard dogs. Unlike the other dogs on the list, Rotties are known for being aloof and confident, so it’s a big deal when you finally win them over. Their aloofness also doesn’t apply to their family and friends, who often see their affectionate and silly sides. These big pups can weigh up to 135 pounds and stand up to 27 inches tall, making them the largest popular dog on this list. Rotties need plenty of exercise and enjoy a variety of different activities, including walking, swimming, and obedience challenges. This breed has a coarse black coat with brown accents. They need to be brushed weekly to keep their coats healthy and have occasional baths.

popular beagle dog being pet by woman
Valeria Boltneva / Pexels

8. Beagles

Beagles are popular pups and famous for being excellent hunting companions — they traveled with hunters in packs — and for having a distinct howl. Because of their pack mentality, Beagles are devoted small pups happy to spend the day with their families and get along well with other pets and young children. There are technically two types of Beagles: One that stands up to 15 inches at shoulder height and one that stands under 13 inches. The taller variety of Beagle typically weighs between 20 and 30 pounds. This breed requires at least one hour of exercise per day and weekly brushing because they are prone to shedding.

popular dog dachshund
Vertikala / Stocksy

9. Dachshunds

Dachshunds are instantly recognizable, thanks to their small stature, floppy ears, little legs, and long back. They’ve got vivacious, sometimes sassy, personalities and shockingly loud barks for such little pups. Unfortunately, their distinctive back makes them vulnerable to a number of health issues, and they are a delicate breed who shouldn’t jump up or off anything to avoid injury. They still need exercise, though — at least two walks a day. Dachshunds can vary in grooming care because they can be Longhaired, Wirehaired, or Smooth-coated.

portrait of GSP popular pup stands in field
brixiv / Pexels

10. German Shorthaired Pointers

The German Shorthaired Pointer, originally an aristocratic hunting dog, is a famously friendly pup with tons of energy. This white-and-reddish-brown spotted dog has a high level of endurance, which can make them a great running or hiking companion, but it also means they need to get enough exercise, or they can grow destructive. Loving and cuddly, the German Shorthaired Pointer is a great pet for families with young children. This dog can get along with other pets but needs to be trained and socialized early on. The German Shorthaired Pointer’s coat must be brushed every few days to stay healthy.

The most common dogs in shelters

Some of the most popular dog breeds in America are also some of the breeds most commonly found in shelters. Some of the most common dog breeds found on Adopt a Pet are listed below, although note that these breeds are guesses because shelters do not often DNA test dogs:

Most common dog breeds in shelters:

Why are popular dog breeds surrendered?

Dogs, regardless of breed, are most often surrendered after they are out of their “cute” puppy stage and are entering adolescence. Nearly half (47.7 percent) of surrendered dogs were between the ages of five months and three years of age, according to a study by the National Council on Pet Population Study and Policy. And 18 percent of dogs are surrendered when they become seniors over the age of eight years old.

Pets might also be surrendered because they are not trained — 96 percent of surrendered dogs had never been to an obedience class, according to the aforementioned study — and/or are high-energy, so they become bored and destructive in the home. Many breeds commonly found in shelters are also large, working dogs who require mentally stimulating activities and aren’t content laying around the house all day and night. When adopting a dog, potential pet parents underestimate the time and care a high-energy dog requires.

When considering adopting a dog, look for a dog whose activity level, grooming requirements, and temperament are best for your family.


Alicia Kort is a writer and editor living in Brooklyn. She’s currently the senior commerce editor at Apartment Therapy. She’s been published in StyleCaster, Electric Literature, Newsweek, InterviewBrooklyn magazine and more. In her free time, she runs, reads, and spends time with her dog-nieces, Maya and Lady, and her cat-niece, Pepper.

How To Prepare For A Dog Adoption Home Visit

Preparing to adopt a dog? You may need to demonstrate that your home is ready for a new pet. Learn how to prepare for an adoption home visit.

7 tips for acing your inspection and bringing your new pup home.

By Tim Barribeau

preparing for an adoption home visit
So you’ve found a pet to bring into your family and filled out the adoption application. Many people don’t realize that when adopting from a rescue or shelter, there is often another step before you bring your pup home: The dog adoption home visit, where a representative from the rescue or shelter visits your house or apartment. Learn all about how to prepare for this step in the adoption process and what to expect from a home visit.

What is a home visit for adopting a dog?

You may be wondering why this step is necessary after you’ve already filled out an application. Shelters and rescues want to find the right home for each animal and ensure you will be a good pet parent. A home visit is their opportunity to make sure your home is suitable for a pet and remind you of the commitment and responsibility you’re accepting. In most cases, a home visit for dog adoption is just confirmation that your new pet will be safe, loved, and cared for as a member of your family.

Why do shelters do home visits?

Rescues and shelters often schedule a home visit to help them determine if your living environment and lifestyle are ideal fits for the particular dog you want to adopt. It’s important that new pet parents have the time, resources, and knowledge to provide for their pet’s needs, and a home visit allows the shelter to make sure that the dog will have the loving home they deserve.

Why is preparing for an adoption home visit important?

Your adoption home visit is your opportunity to demonstrate that you can properly care for a rescue pet. Think of the apartment pet interview like a job interview — if you don’t prepare ahead of time, you likely won’t put your best foot forward.

Preparing for an adoption home visit

Everyone in your household, whether other family members or roommates, should be involved in preparing for a home visit and new pet. You should talk to children about how to help take care of the dog and how to behave kindly toward animals.

To make a good impression on the adoption agency representative, you should also come prepared with your own questions to ask to show how invested you are in the process and how much thought you’ve given to taking care of a pet.

What should I do to prepare my home?

You want to show the shelter representative that you understand the responsibility of caring for a pet and will provide your new family member with everything they need to be happy and healthy. Take time to learn how to prepare for a dog and purchase all the required supplies, like a crate, water and food bowls, a collar and leash, and plenty of fun toys.

What questions will a shelter ask me during adoption?

When asked, “Why do you want to adopt a dog?” answer truthfully and openly. A home visit is often more of a conversation than a formal interview, and while your answers may not determine the shelter’s final decision, the shelter representative will still ask you multiple questions to gauge your ability to care for a dog. Be prepared for the following dog adoption interview questions and answers:

  • Have you had experience with this particular type of animal before?
  • Does everyone in your household agree to get a new pet?
  • Do you have children? Are they comfortable and responsible with pets?
  • Do you currently have any pets? Are they compatible with other animals?
  • Do you rent or are you a homeowner?
  • Do you have a yard? Is it fenced in? If not, how do you plan to provide exercise, and how often?
  • Where will your pet be kept during the daytime? And at night?
  • How do you plan to care for your pet if you need to leave town?

No matter how much you prepare, you may receive some questions during the home visit that you aren’t sure how to answer. Give an honest response, and if you don’t know the answer, admit it. The shelter representative won’t expect you to know everything, and it’s better to admit your lack of knowledge than to make up an answer.

What can I do after the home visit to further support the adoption process?

An adoption home visit is also a chance for you to ask questions of the shelter representative about your potential new pet’s history and temperament. Below are some common questions to ask when getting a dog that can help you prepare for your newest family member:

  • What is the dog’s history?
  • Are there any health issues or concerns that I should be aware of?
  • Do you know what breed(s) the dog is?
  • What have you noticed about the dog’s personality?
  • Is the dog house-trained? Do they already know any basic commands?
  • Does the dog get along with children? With dogs? Other animals?

Knowing the questions to ask before adopting a dog shows that you are engaged in the adoption process and lets the shelter know that you care about providing a proper home for the dog as much as they do.

What are some common mistakes to avoid during an adoption home visit?

Like any other kind of interview, one of the worst things you can do during an adoption home visit is to give the shelter representative the answers you think they want to hear. Be honest and open with your answers — and with your home. That means giving the representative a full tour of the house, including where your pet will eat and sleep. You should also already have supplies for your dog before the home visit to show your preparedness and commitment.

What to expect during a home visit

Your adoption home visit is a chance to show that you can and will provide your new pet with a safe and loving home. We asked Melissa Giordano, Adoption Coordinator of the Sato Project, to fill us in on what to expect during this step of the adoption process, so you can better prepare to make the best possible impression.

1. It’s all about state of mind

Giordano emphasizes that shelters and rescues are looking for people who want to do best by their animals.

“We’re not looking for you to have a spotless home with perfect everything because that doesn’t exist,” Giordano says. “We just want to make sure that the dog is going to be safe and that the people are open to suggestions and are going to be thinking through things that could potentially cause a problem.”

So the first thing you can do is take a deep breath and frame the visit in your mind as a chance to have a better and safer environment for a pet.

2. Think like a nervous dog

Giordano emphasized that a major part of her organization’s work is making sure there are no easy ways for a pet to escape their adopter’s home because animals may try and make a break for it if they’re in a new space and spooked. That means making sure that all windows and doors close securely and that you’re not relying on a screen for preventing escape; that any air conditioning units are properly anchored and the soft closures around them held firmly in place; that fences and gates (if present) are fully secure; and that there are no easily accessible tables or chairs for them to get high enough to jump over.

3. Tidy up

Your space doesn’t need to be spotless, but you need to do a decent clean-up. You want the shelter to know that you’re capable of keeping your home clean and that there’s not anything dangerous for the dog to easily get into. That means securing any garbage containers so they’re not easy to knock over and rifle through; making sure any plants you have around are pet-safe; and, if you have cat litter, making sure the dog can’t get into it. Giordano points out that things you might not even think of could be a problem: “Kids’ toys — sometimes you don’t even think about it, but puppies will chew those apart and could potentially get injured or swallow something that could get stuck.”

4. But don’t be too precious with your belongings

Animals, unfortunately, can be destructive — even if they don’t mean to be. A newly introduced dog may make messes regardless of how house-trained they are as they struggle to get used to a new place. And they may chew or scratch if they’re particularly nervous. So go into the adoption process with the knowledge that there might be some damage around your home, and if you have any rugs, furniture, or extremely precious belongings that you can’t stand to see possibly hurt, put them away until the animal is totally settled and you know how they’ll behave.

5. Introductions, please

The agency will also want to meet whoever currently lives in your house — people and animals. Not every animal is suited to every living situation, so this helps them ensure that the pet is going into an environment where they will be comfortable. They’ll probably want an introduction to your family members, roommates, and any other animals onsite.

6. Be prepared for in-person or over video

In large part because of the pandemic, you may be asked to do a video home visit rather than one in person. This entails dialing into a video chat where a staff member can talk to you as you walk around the house and reveal anything they need a closer look at. Or they might just want you to video a home tour on your own and send it in, which can be easier to coordinate with everyone’s schedules.

7. Be open to change

Above all else, remember that this isn’t an adversarial visit. The shelter wants you and the animal to be the best possible match so that everyone can be happy and fulfilled with one another. Any suggestions they give are so that an animal you adopt will be safer and happier — so go into the process with an open mind and a willingness to adapt, and you’ll be fine.

“The people that are coming to do the home visits are not going to judge them,” Giordano says. “We are not looking for a perfect house. We are just getting a sense for the person or the family to make sure that it’s a match for our dog and that they’re able to give our dog the best, safest, and most loving home.”

What are the reasons for denying pet adoption?

Not every pet adoption application is accepted, and shelters have a number of reasons for denying an adopter. For example, if you work long hours, the shelter may be worried that the dog will spend too much time alone and won’t get the love and care they need.

Some other reasons for denying pet adoption include:

  • Your home doesn’t have a fenced yard or is too small for the dog
  • You already own several pets
  • You are too young (in college or younger) and may not have time to commit to a pet
  • You are too old and may not be able to properly care for a pet
  • You have young children in the home
  • Your current pets are not up-to-date on vaccinations and care
  • None of your current pets are spayed or neutered

Remember that every pet and every situation is different. The shelter just wants to find the best possible home for each dog in their care, and reasons for denying an adoption are in the pet’s best interests.

FAQs (People Also Ask):

Why is preparing for an adoption home visit important?

Preparing for your home visit shows that you are ready for the commitment of caring for a pet.

What should I do to prepare my home?

Prepare your home by purchasing the supplies you need to make your home safe and comfortable for your dog. Get rid of anything that could be dangerous to a pet.

How can I make a good impression on the adoption agency representative?

Be enthusiastic about the process, answer questions honestly and openly, and ask your own questions.

Should I involve my family members in the preparation process?

Family members should be involved because everyone in the household should be on the same page when bringing a pet into the home and should know what to expect.

What are some common mistakes to avoid during an adoption home visit?

Avoid giving answers you think the representative wants to hear. Instead, give accurate and honest answers.

How can I handle any unexpected questions or situations during the visit?

If you don’t have an answer to a question or are unsure, admit it. The representative will appreciate your honesty.

What can I do after the home visit to further support the adoption process?

After your home visit, continue to prepare your home for a new dog by purchasing supplies and asking the shelter questions about your new pet.

What are the reasons for denying pet adoption?

There are multiple reasons for denying pet adoption, including a lack of space, too many current pets, young children, and pets that are not spayed or neutered.

References:

How to Adopt a Dog

Muttville – How to Adopt a Dog

Korean K9 Rescue – Adoption Process

Rescue Dogs Rock NYC – Application Process

Sample Interview Question for Screening

Guidelines for Screening Potential Adopters

Home Visit Check List


Tim Barribeau is a freelance writer, editor, cat dad, and “help your boyfriend buy a suit that actually fits for once” consultant. He was previously the Style and Pets editor at Wirecutter, and has bylines at a bunch of publications that don’t exist anymore (and a couple that still do).

Learn How To Feed A Dog: A Food Guide for New Dog Owners

Curious about how to feed your new dog? We created our new dog food guide to help answer your questions on feeding your new dog.

By Amy Fox, DVM

woman feeding dog and measuring kibble
Whether you have always had dogs or are about to adopt your very first pup, figuring out what to feed them can feel overwhelming — especially with all the options out there. But don’t worry: We broke down everything you need to know about feeding your new dog.

What do dogs eat?

Dogs are considered omnivores like humans, which means they can eat a wide variety of food to meet their nutritional needs. They get a balanced diet from a combination of proteins, fats, minerals, vitamins, and other nutrients, including fiber, carbohydrates, and water. Some foods are toxic to dogs, even though they are safe for humans, including chocolate, grapes, onions, garlic, and sugar-free products containing Xylitol, so it is important to keep them out of your dog’s reach.

What are the different types of dog food?

The main types of dog food are wet food and dry kibble, but there are also some alternatives, including home-cooked food, raw food, and freeze-dried raw food. It’s important to select food labeled as complete and balanced for your dog’s life stage and meets AAFCO nutrient profiles. Some products are only intended as supplements to a primary diet or as treats, and they don’t include all of the nutrients a dog needs long-term.

How much should I feed my dog?

Figuring out how much to feed a new dog can be tricky, especially if they came from a shelter or were rescued as a stray. They may be very thin when you adopt them, so the amount they need to eat at first may be different than what they will need for long-term weight maintenance. Also, new dogs are adjusting to new experiences, new people, and new smells and sounds, and their appetite may be low for the first few weeks while they settle in.

A good rule of thumb is to use the guidelines on the food label itself. The label will advise how much to feed based on your dog’s weight and age. These recommendations tend to be generous, so don’t feed more than the label recommends unless directed by your veterinarian. In some cases, your dog may eat much less than suggested, especially at first. If you are concerned that your pup may be eating too much or not enough, contact your veterinarian for help tailoring a feeding plan to your dog’s caloric needs.

It is also useful to be in the habit of measuring out your dog’s food in a consistent way, such as with a spare measuring cup or spoon, so you use the same amount each time. If you need to adjust your pup’s diet due to concerns about their weight, having a consistent starting point will help you easily increase or decrease their feedings by a set quantity.

How can you choose the right food for your dog?

If your dog is coming from a foster home or animal shelter, it is a good idea to continue feeding them the food they are used to while they adjust to their new home. Sudden food changes may cause diarrhea, so if you want to change their diet, gradually mix small amounts of new food with their current diet in increasing amounts over about seven days.

You should also consider your lifestyle and circumstances. For example, canned food only lasts a few days in the fridge once opened and should not be left out for more than an hour or so. It can also be expensive to feed only canned food to very large dogs as they will need large portions. Dry food is convenient because it is stable for longer periods of time at room temperature and can also be great for training sessions and food puzzles. Raw food diets are controversial because they can put pets and people at risk for food-borne illnesses like Salmonella and E. coli.

Ultimately, there are many factors to consider when selecting the best food for your dog, including the following.

Breed and size:

Some breeds are more prone to certain health conditions that could affect the nutrition they need. For example, large-breed dogs are more likely to have certain bone and joint problems and may need food that is low in calories and high in joint-supporting nutrients, especially during the growing puppy stage. There are specially formulated large-breed puppy foods available for this reason.

Age:

Puppies and senior dogs have different nutritional needs than adult dogs. Puppies need food high in calories and nutrients to support their growth and development. Senior dogs may need food that is lower in calories and easier to digest. Make sure whatever food you are considering is specifically labeled for use in their stage of life.

Pregnancy and nursing:

This is a unique time in a dog’s life when she needs a lot of extra calories and an increased amount of specific nutrients like calcium. It is very important to make sure all pregnant and nursing dogs are eating a diet labeled for this life stage, or they can be at risk for serious health problems such as Eclampsia.

Activity level:

Active dogs need food that is higher in calories and nutrients to support their energy needs. Less active dogs may need lower-calorie food to avoid weight gain. This may also influence how often you feed your pup, as active dogs may need more frequent feedings, especially after intense exercise.

Health conditions:

Some dogs have health conditions that require them to eat a special diet. There are diets formulated for specific health conditions, many of which are only available from a veterinarian or with a prescription. For example, dogs with a history of bladder stones may need to eat a special diet to prevent a recurrence of stones, and dogs with diabetes need food that is lower in calories. It is a good idea to speak with your veterinarian if you know your dog has health problems so you can get a good diet recommendation.

How often should I feed my dog?

Most adult dogs can be fed twice daily, approximately 10 hours apart. Make sure to figure out the total daily portion for your pup and split that up so you always maintain the same total amount of food for the day. Also try to develop a consistent routine and feed them at the same time and in the same place every day.

Puppies need more frequent feedings because their stomachs are so small; they can only eat enough food to provide a few hours of energy at a time. They should have small, frequent feedings throughout the day.

Dogs with certain health conditions may also need more frequent, small feedings throughout the day, such as those with bilious vomiting syndrome who tend to vomit if their stomachs are empty for long periods of time.

Food can be a motivating reward for many dogs, so it can be a great tool for training. Instead of giving your puppy or adult dog in need of training a big bowl of kibble for breakfast, you can portion out that same amount of kibble and use it for treats during training sessions. Dogs who suffer from separation anxiety can also benefit from eating differently; instead of feeding them in one sitting, you can split their daily portion into different food puzzles, which slow them down, provide them with mental enrichment, and keep them busy while you are out. The important thing to keep in mind is that you maintain the same total amount of food in a given day, so if you use food as rewards or in puzzles, give your dog less food in their bowl at mealtimes so that you don’t accidentally overfeed them.

What are the common feeding problems?

Figuring out the right balance of quantity and frequency of feedings takes time, so be patient if your dog isn’t eating perfectly. Make sure that you serve food in a clean bowl and that the food is fresh and free of mold or any other contaminants. Be sure to clean up any uneaten food within the recommended time frame, which differs for wet and dry foods. Uneaten food should be discarded, and fresh food should be provided at the next feeding.

If you adopted a pup who was already underweight, overweight, and/or has underlying medical conditions, expect it to take some time to get into a steady groove. Some problems you’ll want to be aware of include:

Overeating:

Some dogs are prone to overeating. This can happen because they are being fed too much, or their diet is too high in calories compared to their body’s needs. This can also be a compulsive issue for some dogs, especially dogs who have gone hungry for long periods of time in the past, or for dogs with certain medical problems. Overeating can lead to obesity, which can increase the risk of health problems such as heart disease, diabetes, and arthritis. If you are concerned that your dog is putting on weight or always seems hungry, see your veterinarian for an evaluation.

Undereating:

Some dogs may not eat enough to maintain their body weight due to a number of factors, including illness, stress, or a picky appetite. In other cases, they may be eating enough, but the food may not have enough calories to meet their needs, which most commonly occurs if they are growing, pregnant, or extremely active. If your dog seems thin or you have concerns that you are underfeeding your puppy, contact your veterinarian.

Picky eating:

Some dogs are very picky eaters, which can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Try to avoid offering lots of extra yummy alternatives when your dog snubs their food because, if they learn something better comes when they don’t eat, they’ll develop a pattern of skipping their dog food. Any dog who is frequently skipping meals or not eating should be examined by a veterinarian to determine if there are any underlying medical issues.

How can I prevent food allergies in my dog?

The best approach if you suspect your dog has food allergies is to have a veterinarian properly diagnose them and put them on the right diet to avoid those allergens. Beware of over-the-counter dog foods that claim to be limited ingredient diets because many are prepared on the same equipment as other food that may contain allergens. If your dog has a true allergy, they will need a prescription diet prepared on separate equipment to avoid cross-contamination.

What should I feed a foster dog?

If your dog is coming from a foster home or animal shelter, it is a good idea to continue feeding the same food they are accustomed to while they adjust to their new home. Be sure to ask the shelter or foster parent for the name of the food and their current routine, including how many meals they eat, how much food per meal, and what time they are fed. Too many changes at once can be overwhelming, and it is important that your new pup eats consistently.

If you decide you want to switch up your new dog’s diet once they have settled in, be sure to do so gradually by mixing small amounts of the new food with their current diet in increasing amounts over about seven days. Sudden food changes may cause diarrhea, so a gradual introduction will help to avoid this.

When deciding what to feed your new dog, remember that what works for one dog may not work for yours, and the same goes for pet parents. New pups need time to adjust to their new homes, so try to be patient and avoid making unnecessary changes in their first few months with you. If you have concerns about your dog’s appetite or overall health, contact your veterinarian and have your dog examined. Food is a love language for most dogs, so once you work out the kinks, feeding time will undoubtedly become one of your dog’s favorite activities.

FAQ (People Also Ask):

How often should I feed my new dog?

Most adult dogs need two feedings per day, about 10 hours apart. Puppies and dogs with certain health conditions need small, frequent feedings throughout the day.

How much should I feed my new dog?

To start, use the guidelines on the food label. If you are concerned your pup is eating too much or not enough, contact your veterinarian for help.

How can I prevent food allergies in my dog?

There’s no reliable way to prevent food allergies in dogs. The best approach is to have your dog’s allergies diagnosed by a veterinarian and follow their recommendations.

Are there any foods that are harmful to dogs?

Yes — some of the most common include chocolate, grapes, onions, garlic, sugar-free products containing Xylitol, raw dough, and moldy foods.

What are some signs of a healthy diet in dogs?

Dogs with a healthy diet should be a healthy weight, have shiny, full coats, and plenty of energy. They should also have regular, solid poops.

What should I feed a foster dog?

Continue feeding a foster dog the same food the shelter or foster parent has been feeding them and the same number and amount of meals at consistent times.

References

CDC Raw Pet Foods

VCA General Nutrition and Pet Feeding Guides

AAHA Introduction to Feeding Normal Dogs

belltownevetcenter.com / Checklist for a Healthy Dog

Evaluation of nutritional value and microbiological safety in dog food

Evaluating Pet Foods: How Confident Are You When You Recommend a Pet Food?

Protein in dog food

Ingredients: Where Pet Food Starts

Pet Nutrition Primer

FDA Complete and Balanced Pet Food


Amy Fox, DVM is a small animal veterinarian in New York City. She has worked in many different settings including shelter medicine, emergency medicine, general practice, and animal cruelty and forensics. She is especially interested in nutrition, preventative medicine and care for senior pets. Dr. Fox also enjoys writing about veterinary medicine and teaching. In her free time she loves to cook, garden, and go for long runs.